Newspaper editor: Published photojournalism must always present

­Newspaper editor: Published photojournalism must always present the events covered without distorting those events. Sometimes an image distorts the events a photojournalist attempts to capture, such as when the photojournalist has an equipment failure. In such cases, photojournalists are permitted to make minimal changes to an image, but only to the extent that (1) they are certain about what they observed, and (2) those changes reduce the distortion. Photojournalists' photos are often compelling works of art as well as documents of newsworthy events. However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2.

According to what the Newspaper editor says, the key criteria for choosing a photo are the following:

- Published photojournalism must always present the events covered without distorting those events.

- If "an image distorts the events a photojournalist attempts to capture, such as when the photojournalist has an equipment failure," then "photojournalists are permitted to make minimal changes to an image, but only to the extent that (1) they are certain about what they observed, and (2) those changes reduce the distortion."

- "for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts"

Statement: Assuming the editor's statements are true, if ___1___, then it must be the case that ___2___.

Select for 1 and for 2 the two different options that create the statement that is most strongly supported by the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

We see that the correct answers will be such that, if the answer for 1 is true, then the answer for 2 must be true. 

We can choose two answers by checking each choice to see whether, if that choice is true, a second choice must also be true.

P1 was altered

If P1 was altered

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since the passage doesn't say that an altered photo can be chosen only over another altered photo.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment since we don't have information that P2 was altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been more accurate than P2 after being altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have been chosen because, after alteration, it was accurate, and P2 was not.

Eliminate.

P2 was altered

If P2 was altered

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since we have no reason to believe that P1 required alteration.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment since we don't have information that P1 was altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been more accurate than P2 even after P2 was altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have been chosen because P1 was still more accurate than P2 after P2 was altered.

Eliminate.

P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment

If P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment,

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since both photos could have been distorted and P1 could have been more accurate than P2.

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since P1 could have been more accurate than P2 because P2 was not altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been more accurate than P2.

- it does NOT have to be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have been chosen because P2 was not accurate.

Eliminate.

P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features

If P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features,

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment because P1 we have no reason to believe they were.

- it MUST be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have not have been chosen if it were not accurate and because P1's aesthetic features would not have been considered if P2 were not accurate.

So, it appears that the correct answer for 1 is P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features and the correct answer for 2 is both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E.

Keep

Just to confirm that we've found the correct answers, let's check the last choice.

both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E

If both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E,

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment because P1 we have no reason to believe they were.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been somewhat more accurate than P2.

Eliminate.

Correct answer: P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features, both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E­

­
The answer lies in the sentences

However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2.

So, if P1 has been selected over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features, then  this means that aesthetic played a role in deciding between P1 and P2. But we know that asthetic comes into play only when both portray relevant features of the even.

If the above has to be converted to If - then sentence, the selection on asthetic reasons means both portray relevant features. 

1. P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features

2. Both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E­

 

Dyaneth
­It's a comprehension issue while reading either passage or question statement.

In this case, its the passage comprehension issue.

a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. 

A occurs only after B occurs.
meaning : If A occurs, B must have occured. 

We are not given info the other way round.

KarishmaB can you kindly explain why the reverse statement is wrong?
If both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E, then it must be the case that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features

The last line of the paragraph says- "In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2."

My reasoning was - If the required condition for both P1 and P2 to be considered is met, (and yet P1 was elected^) then it must be that P1 was elected for its aesthetics.­

 
­
Because "accuracy" is necessary before we consider aesthetics, not sufficient. 

Given: However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts.

So "Only if accurate, then you can consider aesthetics."
This is not the same as "If accurate, then consider aesthetics." That shows a sufficient condition.
Hence the reverse is not correct. 

Check out conditionals here:
https://youtu.be/MmlwcTlHZz8
https://youtu.be/BW8Ijrhjjq8
https://youtu.be/yQYkL1DSslA­

­Analyzing the Argument

1. The editor outlines strict guidelines for photojournalism: accuracy is paramount, and aesthetic considerations are secondary.

2. They also mention the possibility of minimal alterations to correct equipment failures.


The Statement

If P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features,
then it must be the case that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E.

This statement aligns with the editor's criteria: aesthetics are considered only after accuracy is established. So, if aesthetics played a role in the choice, both photos must have been accurate representations.­

HI MartyMurray or karishma B,

Requesting to please explain me why the below mentioned line is not correct.

If both P1 and P2 accurately portray relevant features of event E then it must be the case that P2 was altered.

Editor is choosing P1 over P2, two options I have one either P1 is aesthetically better than P2, or P2 is having some error. I understood why the correct answer is correct but didnt get why this is wrong. Any expert feels to put some light on this is most welcome. Thanks.

For certain questions in GMAT, especially those involving "conditional constructs", it helps if candidates possess some formal knowledge in "Logic".

The "only if/only when/ only after" conditions represent "necessary conditions" in logical reasoning and are represented as "~X -> ~Y" (where "~" represents "not"; in other words, "if NOT X then NOT Y").

The argument says:

For publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered ONLY AFTER the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts.

Since the argument under consideration represents a "necessary condition" ("ONLY AFTER"), we depict this as:

(1) ~the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts -> ~a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered for publication as journalism

(Interpretation: if the photo does NOT accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts, it means that the photo's aesthetic features are NOT considered for publication as journalism)

From the above logical relationship, we can also conclude:

(2) a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered for publication as journalism -> the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts

(This relationship is called the CONTAPOSITIVE of logical relationship (1) above. Interpretation: if a photo's AESTHETIC FEATURES are considered for publication as journalism, it means that the photo ACCURATELY PORTRAYS relevant features of the event it depicts)

Notice this is exactly what the answer is:

If P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its AESTHETIC FEATURES, it means that both P1 and P2 ACCURATELY PORTRAY relevant features of Event E.

p.s. The Logical reasoning chapter of our book EducationAisle Critical Reasoning Nirvana explains the various logical relationships (including Necessary, Sufficient, and Contrapositives). If someone is interested, please DM your email id and we can send across that chapter from our book.