Newspaper editor: Published photojournalism must always present

Question

Newspaper editor: Published photojournalism must always present the events covered without distorting those events. Sometimes an image distorts the events a photojournalist attempts to capture, such as when the photojournalist has an equipment failure. In such cases, photojournalists are permitted to make minimal changes to an image, but only to the extent that (1) they are certain about what they observed, and (2) those changes reduce the distortion. Photojournalists' photos are often compelling works of art as well as documents of newsworthy events. However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2.

Statement: Assuming the editor's statements are true, if ___1___, then it must be the case that ___2___.

Statement: Assuming the editor's statements are true, if  ___1___ , then it must be the case that  ___2___ .

Select for  1  and for  2  the two different options that create the statement that is most strongly supported by the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

ID: 700215

Dyaneth · Accepted Answer

I often get confused about the order in which the statements should be placed. I thought that the first event happening had to appear first, so I switched the order of appearance. What else can I do to avoid this mistake in the future?

KarishmaB · Answer

Video solution to the question: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuEUshOOlK0 Here is the gist of what is said: - Photos must reflect the event accurately. - Sometimes photos distort the event (say equipment malfunctions). Then they can be changed a bit (journalist must know exactly what happened and the change must be made only to reduce distortion i.e. to make it more accurate) - Photos are considered art too. But a photo's artistic features can be considered only after it is shown to be accurate. (so you cannot publish a beautiful photo as journalism to depict an event if the photo does not reflect the event accurately. It just means that beauty can be considered only after accuracy has been established) P1 was selected over P2. Multiple cases are possible: - P1 is accurate and P2 is not. - P1 and P2 both are distorted but P1 has less distortion than P2. - P1 and P2 both are accurate but P1 is prettier. if ___1___ , then it must be the case that ___2___ . A photo is altered to make it more accurate. If both P1 and P2 have distortions and we select P1, we may alter P1 before publishing. If P1 is altered, we cannot say that P2 must have been altered too. If we were given that P2 has distortions, then that would have been necessary. Also, there could be many reasons for distortion. Malfunctioning equipment is just one example hence it cannot be necessary. Also, if equipment is malfunctioning, it may not always cause distortion in every photo. If "P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features," it means that both photos must be accurate. The aesthetic features are considered only after accuracy is established. If P2 were not accurate but P1 was, P1 would have been selected because it was accurate, not for its aesthetic features. Aesthetic features would not have been considered at all in that case. ANSWER 1

1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features 2: both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E

MartyMurray · Answer

Newspaper editor: Published photojournalism must always present the events covered without distorting those events. Sometimes an image distorts the events a photojournalist attempts to capture, such as when the photojournalist has an equipment failure. In such cases, photojournalists are permitted to make minimal changes to an image, but only to the extent that (1) they are certain about what they observed, and (2) those changes reduce the distortion. Photojournalists' photos are often compelling works of art as well as documents of newsworthy events. However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2.

Statement: Assuming the editor's statements are true, if ___1___, then it must be the case that ___2___.

According to what the Newspaper editor says, the key criteria for choosing a photo are the following:

- Published photojournalism must always present the events covered without distorting those events.

- If "an image distorts the events a photojournalist attempts to capture, such as when the photojournalist has an equipment failure," then "photojournalists are permitted to make minimal changes to an image, but only to the extent that (1) they are certain about what they observed, and (2) those changes reduce the distortion."

- "for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts"

Statement: Assuming the editor's statements are true, if ___1___, then it must be the case that ___2___.

Select for  1  and for  2  the two different options that create the statement that is most strongly supported by the information provided. Make only two selections, one in each column.

We see that the correct answers will be such that, if the answer for  1  is true, then the answer for  2  must be true.

We can choose two answers by checking each choice to see whether, if that choice is true, a second choice must also be true.

P1 was altered

If P1 was altered

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since the passage doesn't say that an altered photo can be chosen only over another altered photo.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment since we don't have information that P2 was altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been more accurate than P2 after being altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have been chosen because, after alteration, it was accurate, and P2 was not.

Eliminate.

P2 was altered

If P2 was altered

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since we have no reason to believe that P1 required alteration.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment since we don't have information that P1 was altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been more accurate than P2 even after P2 was altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have been chosen because P1 was still more accurate than P2 after P2 was altered.

Eliminate.

P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment

If P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment,

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since both photos could have been distorted and P1 could have been more accurate than P2.

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since P1 could have been more accurate than P2 because P2 was not altered.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been more accurate than P2.

- it does NOT have to be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have been chosen because P2 was not accurate.

Eliminate.

P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features

If P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features,

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment because P1 we have no reason to believe they were.

- it MUST be true that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E because P1 could have not have been chosen if it were not accurate and because P1's aesthetic features would not have been considered if P2 were not accurate.

So, it appears that the correct answer for  1  is  P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features  and the correct answer for  2  is  both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E .

Keep

Just to confirm that we've found the correct answers, let's check the last choice.

both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E

If both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E,

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have to be true that P2 was altered since we have no reason to believe it was.

- it does NOT have be true that P1 and P2 were taken with malfunctioning equipment because P1 we have no reason to believe they were.

- it does NOT have to be true that P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features because P1 could have been somewhat more accurate than P2.

Eliminate.

Correct answer:  P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features, both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E

chetan2u · Answer

The answer lies in the sentences

However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2.

So, if P1 has been selected over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features, then  this means that aesthetic played a role in deciding between P1 and P2. But we know that asthetic comes into play only when both portray relevant features of the even.

If the above has to be converted to If - then sentence, the selection on asthetic reasons means both portray relevant features.

1. P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features

2. Both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E

manasp35 · Answer

Dyaneth 
It's a comprehension issue while reading either passage or question statement.

In this case, its the passage comprehension issue.

a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts.

A occurs only after B occurs.
meaning : If A occurs, B must have occured.

We are not given info the other way round.

ami000 · Answer

KarishmaB  can you kindly explain why the reverse statement is wrong?
If  both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E , then it must be the case that  P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features

The last line of the paragraph says- "In accordance with these criteria, in our journalistic coverage of Event E, we elected to publish photograph P1 rather than photograph P2."

My reasoning was - If the  required condition for both P1 and P2 to be considered is met , (and yet P1 was elected^) then it must be that  P1 was elected for its aesthetics.

KarishmaB · Answer

Because "accuracy" is necessary before we consider aesthetics, not sufficient. Given: However, for publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered only after the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts. So "Only if accurate, then you can consider aesthetics." This is not the same as "If accurate, then consider aesthetics." That shows a sufficient condition. Hence the reverse is not correct. Check out conditionals here: https://youtu.be/MmlwcTlHZz8 https://youtu.be/BW8Ijrhjjq8 https://youtu.be/yQYkL1DSslA

Gemmie · Answer

Analyzing the Argument

1. The editor outlines strict guidelines for photojournalism: accuracy is paramount, and aesthetic considerations are secondary.

2. They also mention the possibility of minimal alterations to correct equipment failures.

The Statement

If  P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its aesthetic features,
 then  it must be the case that both P1 and P2 accurately portray the relevant features of Event E.

This statement aligns with the editor's criteria: aesthetics are considered  only  after   accuracy is established. So, if aesthetics played a role in the choice, both photos must have been accurate representations.

yogmac · Answer

HI  MartyMurray  or  karishma  B,

Requesting to please explain me why the below mentioned line is not correct.

If both P1 and P2 accurately portray relevant features of event E then it must be the case that P2 was altered.

Editor is choosing P1 over P2, two options I have one either P1 is aesthetically better than P2, or P2 is having some error. I understood why the correct answer is correct but didnt get why this is wrong. Any expert feels to put some light on this is most welcome. Thanks.

EducationAisle · Answer

For certain questions in GMAT, especially those involving "conditional constructs", it helps if candidates possess some formal knowledge in "Logic".

The "only if/only when/ only after" conditions represent "necessary conditions" in logical reasoning and are represented as "~X -> ~Y" (where "~" represents "not"; in other words, "if NOT X then NOT Y").

The argument says:

For publication as journalism, a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered ONLY AFTER the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts.

Since the argument under consideration represents a "necessary condition" ("ONLY AFTER"), we depict this as:

(1) ~the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts -> ~a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered for publication as journalism

(Interpretation:  if the photo does NOT accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts, it means that the photo's aesthetic features are NOT considered for publication as journalism )

From the above logical relationship, we can also conclude:

(2) a photo's aesthetic features are allowed to be considered for publication as journalism -> the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts

(This relationship is called the CONTAPOSITIVE of logical relationship (1) above. Interpretation:  if a photo's AESTHETIC FEATURES are considered for publication as journalism, it means that the photo ACCURATELY PORTRAYS relevant features of the event it depicts )

Notice this is exactly what the answer is:

If P1 was chosen over P2 at least in part for its AESTHETIC FEATURES, it means that both P1 and P2 ACCURATELY PORTRAY relevant features of Event E . 
 
 p.s. The Logical reasoning chapter of our book    EducationAisle Critical Reasoning Nirvana    explains the various logical relationships (including Necessary, Sufficient, and Contrapositives). If someone is interested, please DM your email id and we can send across that chapter from our book.

PeachSnapple1 · Answer

Ah another conditional-type question. Took me around 1 minute. The answer lies in this part  only after  the photo is shown to accurately portray relevant features of the event it depicts.] The   statement.

So: Only if relevant content, then aesthetic is considered
That statement equals   =  .
Thus, option 4th and 5th for blank 1 and 2, respectively.

RiyaJ0032 · Answer

Hi!

Could you please explain this part - " But we know that aesthetics comes into play only when both portray relevant features of the even"

where in the argument is it given that both have to show accuracy

we are given that if a photo is selected for it's aesthetic, then it must be true that that photo is accurate

we are not given that if a photo is selected for it's aesthetics compared to other pictures, then all the pictures have to be accurate

Where does one draw the inference you have cited

If you could, will be a great help

thanks

RiyaJ0032 · Answer

Hi Marty!

Could you please help me with this part - " because P1's aesthetic features would not have been considered if P2 were not accurate"

where in the stem is it given that preference of a picture due to it's aesthetics guarantees accuracy of all the pictures that could have been considered?

The stem only tell us that if P1 is selected for it's aesthetics, it def must be the case that P1 is accurate

P2 could or could not be accurate

where does one infer the claim you have cited in the explanation?

Please if you could shed some light on this one

thank you!

RiyaJ0032 · Answer

Hi Karishma!

if you could help understand one part of this explanation-

I see you mentioned that If P1 is considered for the aesthetics, P2 must be accurate, but where do we draw this inference?

the passage does not tell us this

it only tells us, if P1 is chosen for aesthetics , then P1 is def accurate

P2 may or may not be accurate

how does one conclude what you have mentioned

Please shed some light here

Thankyou

Newspaper editor: Published photojournalism must always present

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