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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
BukrsGmat
Now generally regarded as a forgery, the Kensington Rune Stone, a 90-kilogram slab of inscribed rock discovered in Minnesota in 1898, was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored North America in pre-Columbian times.

(A) was said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362 and thus was cited as evidence that Europeans explored

(B) was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, thus being cited as evidence for European exploration of

(C) said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence for European exploration of

(D) which was said to record an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, and thus cited as evidence that Europeans explored

(E) which, said to have recorded an encounter between Native Americans and Norse explorers in 1362, was thus cited as evidence for Europeans exploring

Attachment:
now generally.jpg

Concepts tested here: Tenses + Grammatical Construction + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is also used to indicate actions whose exact time is not known.
• The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.

A: Correct.
1/ This answer choice acts upon the independent subject "the Kensington Rune Stone" with the active verbs "was said" and "was cited" to form a complete thought, producing a complete sentence.
2/ Option A correctly uses the present perfect tense verb "have recorded" to refer to an action whose exact time is not known.

B:
1/ This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb "respond" to refer to an action whose exact time is not known; remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is also used to indicate actions whose exact time is not known, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
2/ Option B is awkward and needlessly wordy due to its use of "being"; remember, “being” is only to be used when it is part of a noun phrase or represents the passive continuous verb tense; the use of passive continuous must be justified in the context.

C:
1/ This answer choice fails to form a complete sentence; as "regarded", "inscribed", "discovered", "said", and "cited" are all past participles acting as modifiers, there is no active verb to act upon the subject "the Kensington Rune Stone".

D:
1/ This answer choice fails to form a complete sentence; as "regarded", "inscribed", "discovered", and "cited" are all past participles acting as modifiers, and "said" is part of a "which" phrase, there is no active verb to act upon the subject "the Kensington Rune Stone".
2/ Option D incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb "respond" to refer to an action whose exact time is not known; remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is also used to indicate actions whose exact time is not known, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.

E:
1/ This answer choice fails to form a complete sentence; as "regarded", "inscribed", "discovered", and "said" are all past participles acting as modifiers, and "cited" is part of a "which" phrase, there is no active verb to act upon the subject "the Kensington Rune Stone".

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Present Perfect Tense" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~2 minutes):



All the best!
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