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27 Apr 2020, 00:11
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Only a reduction of 10 percent in the number of scheduled flights using Greentown's airport will allow the delays that are so common there to be avoided. Hevelia airstrip, 40 miles away, would, if upgraded and expanded, be an attractive alternative for fully 20 percent of the passengers using Greentown airport. Nevertheless, experts reject the claim that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would end the chronic delays at Greentown.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the experts' position?
(A) Turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would require not only substantial construction at the airport itself, but also the construction of new access highways.
(B) A second largely undeveloped airstrip close to Greentown airport would be a more attractive alternative than Hevelia for many passengers who now use Greentown.
(C) Hevelia airstrip lies in a relatively undeveloped area but would, if it became a full-service airport, be a magnet for commercial and residential development.
(D) If an airplane has to wait to land, the extra jet fuel required adds significantly to the airline's costs.
(E) Several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub, so that most flights landing at Greentown have many passengers who then take different flights to reach their final destinations.
ID - CR04366
G 13 – Q22
Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the experts' position?
(A) Turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would require not only substantial construction at the airport itself, but also the construction of new access highways.
(B) A second largely undeveloped airstrip close to Greentown airport would be a more attractive alternative than Hevelia for many passengers who now use Greentown.
(C) Hevelia airstrip lies in a relatively undeveloped area but would, if it became a full-service airport, be a magnet for commercial and residential development.
(D) If an airplane has to wait to land, the extra jet fuel required adds significantly to the airline's costs.
(E) Several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub, so that most flights landing at Greentown have many passengers who then take different flights to reach their final destinations.
ID - CR04366
G 13 – Q22
Greentown Airport
Step 1: Identify the Question
This question stem is challenging. The if true language indicates that the question is one of three types: Strengthen, Weaken, or Explain the Discrepancy.
Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument
G airport: delays common
ONLY fixed by 10% ↓ flights
H airport upgrade → 20% of G pass. find H ‘attractive’
BUT experts: this will not end delays
There are two parts to this argument. The first part describes a particular line of reasoning. If Hevelia airport is upgraded, then 20% of current Greentown passengers will find Hevelia an attractive alternative, and this will presumably reduce delays at Greentown. The second part, however, states that experts reject this claim and believe that the delays will continue, in spite of the evidence in the argument. The experts’ rejection is a surprising phenomenon that needs to be explained. Treat this as an Explain the Discrepancy problem.
Step 3: Pause and State the Goal
The right answer will explain the experts’ surprising belief that the upgrade will fail. In order to do so, it must explain why, even in light of the facts, the Hevelia upgrade won’t reduce delays at Greentown.
Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right
(A) The experts’ claim is that the upgrade won’t reduce flight delays. Construction and new access highways aren’t necessarily connected to flight delays in any way.
(B) The existence of a different potential solution to the problem doesn’t explain why experts believe the current solution will fail.
(C) Whether Hevelia airstrip becomes a magnet for commercial and residential development doesn’t clearly relate to whether it will reduce flight delays at Greentown. It’s possible that the commercial and residential development will make Hevelia even more attractive to Greentown passengers, but in this case, the experts’ position—that developing Hevelia will not reduce delays—would be even stranger.
(D) The experts claim that the upgrade will not reduce flight delays, while this answer choice suggests that reducing flight delays will reduce airline costs. A statement about the effects of reducing flight delays does not justify a claim about the plausibility of reducing flight delays.
(E) CORRECT. Most flights landing at Greentown land there specifically because several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub. Even if Hevelia is upgraded, most flights landing at Greentown won’t be able to switch to landing at Hevelia, unless more changes, not discussed in the argument, are implemented. Therefore, delays at Greentown won’t necessarily decrease. In light of this reasoning, the experts’ skepticism makes sense.
Step 1: Identify the Question
This question stem is challenging. The if true language indicates that the question is one of three types: Strengthen, Weaken, or Explain the Discrepancy.
Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument
G airport: delays common
ONLY fixed by 10% ↓ flights
H airport upgrade → 20% of G pass. find H ‘attractive’
BUT experts: this will not end delays
There are two parts to this argument. The first part describes a particular line of reasoning. If Hevelia airport is upgraded, then 20% of current Greentown passengers will find Hevelia an attractive alternative, and this will presumably reduce delays at Greentown. The second part, however, states that experts reject this claim and believe that the delays will continue, in spite of the evidence in the argument. The experts’ rejection is a surprising phenomenon that needs to be explained. Treat this as an Explain the Discrepancy problem.
Step 3: Pause and State the Goal
The right answer will explain the experts’ surprising belief that the upgrade will fail. In order to do so, it must explain why, even in light of the facts, the Hevelia upgrade won’t reduce delays at Greentown.
Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right
(A) The experts’ claim is that the upgrade won’t reduce flight delays. Construction and new access highways aren’t necessarily connected to flight delays in any way.
(B) The existence of a different potential solution to the problem doesn’t explain why experts believe the current solution will fail.
(C) Whether Hevelia airstrip becomes a magnet for commercial and residential development doesn’t clearly relate to whether it will reduce flight delays at Greentown. It’s possible that the commercial and residential development will make Hevelia even more attractive to Greentown passengers, but in this case, the experts’ position—that developing Hevelia will not reduce delays—would be even stranger.
(D) The experts claim that the upgrade will not reduce flight delays, while this answer choice suggests that reducing flight delays will reduce airline costs. A statement about the effects of reducing flight delays does not justify a claim about the plausibility of reducing flight delays.
(E) CORRECT. Most flights landing at Greentown land there specifically because several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub. Even if Hevelia is upgraded, most flights landing at Greentown won’t be able to switch to landing at Hevelia, unless more changes, not discussed in the argument, are implemented. Therefore, delays at Greentown won’t necessarily decrease. In light of this reasoning, the experts’ skepticism makes sense.
Reduction of 10% flights is needed to counter delays.
Upgrade Hevelia - which is attractive for 20% of passengers (perhaps because Hevelia is closer to home etc)
Experts: Upgrading Hevelia will not end delays at Greentown.
What would justify experts' position?
(A) Turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would require not only substantial construction at the airport itself, but also the construction of new access highways.
Irrelevant. What would upgrading Hevelia require is irrelevant. We have to think about whether upgrading Hevelia will end delays at Greentown.
(B) A second largely undeveloped airstrip close to Greentown airport would be a more attractive alternative than Hevelia for many passengers who now use Greentown.
Irrelevant. What could be a better plan, is irrelevant. Whether this plan will work or not is the question.
(C) Hevelia airstrip lies in a relatively undeveloped area but would, if it became a full-service airport, be a magnet for commercial and residential development.
Makes one think. Perhaps more people living near Hevelia will congest Hevelia too and it will not be able to support Greentown. But this is expected to happen over time. No reason why, for a while at least, it won't support Greentown. Let's hold on and look ahead.
(D) If an airplane has to wait to land, the extra jet fuel required adds significantly to the airline's costs.
Extra cost to airlines is irrelevant.
(E) Several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub, so that most flights landing at Greentown have many passengers who then take different flights to reach their final destinations.
Most flights have passengers with connecting flights. This means that MOST Greentown flights will not be able to switch to Hevelia because they carry passengers who need to take other flights from Greentown. Then, even if we upgrade Hevelia, the flights may not switch to Hevelia and hence the delays will not end. Correct. Directly helps us identify the problem in our plan and hence supports experts.
Answer (E)
27 Apr 2020, 02:03
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Dear VeritasKarishma AjiteshArun GMATGuruNY IanStewart MartyTargetTestPrep DmitryFarber,
In light of choice E. and the passage, can we safely say that the passengers with connecting flights are unlikely to be in the fully 20% the passengers using Greentown airport who find Hevelia airstrip an attractive alternative?
I note that choice E. says "many" passengers, not MOST passengers.
Passage:
In light of choice E. and the passage, can we safely say that the passengers with connecting flights are unlikely to be in the fully 20% the passengers using Greentown airport who find Hevelia airstrip an attractive alternative?
I note that choice E. says "many" passengers, not MOST passengers.
Passage:
Quote:
Only a reduction of 10 percent in the number of scheduled flights using Greentown's airport will allow the delays that are so common there to be avoided. Hevelia airstrip, 40 miles away, would, if upgraded and expanded, be an attractive alternative for fully 20 percent of the passengers using Greentown airport. Nevertheless, experts reject the claim that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would end the chronic delays at Greentown.
(E) Several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub, so that most flights landing at Greentown have MANY passengers who then take different flights to reach their final destinations.Many/Some passengers doesn't matter. As long as there are such passengers in MOST flights.
Say there are total 100 flights in Greentown. One of them is flight X.
Monday - Flight X had 10 passengers with 10 different connecting flights. (Flights A to Flight J)
Tuesday - It has 8 passengers with 8 different connecting flights (Flights K to Flight R)
and so on...
Can flight X switch to Hevelia? No.
This is the case with MOST flights.
31 Dec 2020, 05:20
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Passage Analysis
Only a reduction of 10 percent in the number of scheduled flights using Greentown’s airport will allow the delays that are so common there to be avoided.
In Greentown airport, flights face the problem of delays.
This problem is a common one.
Just a reduction of 10% is required to be made in the total number of scheduled flights that use Greentown airport to avoid these delays
We can infer here, that it is the sheer number of scheduled flights that is causing the delays.
Hevelia airstrip, 40 miles away, would, if upgraded and expanded, be an attractive alternative for fully 20 percent of the passengers using Greentown airport.
Hevelia airstrip is 40 miles away.
It can be an attractive option for 20% of the total passengers using Greentown airport.
This would be possible only when Hevelia is upgraded and expanded.
We can infer that currently Hevelia is probably not a full-fledged airport like Greentown’s.
Nevertheless, experts reject the claim that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would end the chronic delays at Greentown.
In spite of the Hevelia alternative, experts do not believe that the regular delays at Greentown airport can be avoided.
Thus, they reject the Hevelia plan.
Conclusion
Experts believe that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would not put an end to the common delays at Green town airport.
Pre-thinking
Strengthen Framework
Now per our understanding of the passage, let’s first write down the strengthen framework:
What new information will help us believe more in the conclusion that
Turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would not put an end to the regular delays at Greentown airport.
Given that
Only 10% of the scheduled flights at Green town need to be reduced in order to avoid the commonly occurring delays.
This means delays are common at Greentown
20% of the passengers will find Hevelia airstrip an attractive alternative to using Greentown airport
Once Hevelia is upgraded and expanded
Hevelia is 40 miles away
Thought Process
The author mentions that 20% of the passengers would find Hevelia an attractive alternative.
What about the remaining 80% of the passengers?
Would they also find the change attractive? Or would they be discomfited?
If a good majority of the passengers do not find Hevelia an attractive alternative, then they
would probably not choose airlines operating that route and that would not be beneficial for the
airlines as well.
Thus, the Hevelia plan will not turn out to be a success.
Moreover, Hevelia is a good 40 miles away.
What if it is too far for the majority of the passengers and they stick to the Greentown route
Strengthener
So, if an option statement indicates that passengers are more inclined to the idea of using Greentown because of some reason, over using Hevelia, and are therefore likely to take the
Green town route, then it would strengthen the experts’ claim that turning Hevelia into a full-blown airport is not going to significantly reduce delays at Greentown.
Answer Choice Analysis
Option A - The passage does not talk about any costs involved. Even the experts do not mention costs involved as the reason for rejecting the claim. Their reason for rejection is that the change will not eliminate the delays and therefore the plan is useless.
Thus, this option is not the correct choice.
Option B - This is another alternative or option being presented. But even if this option is better than the Hevelia option, does it support the conclusion, why Hevelia itself will not solve the problem of delays.
No, it does not. It just moves away to another alternative.
Thus, is not the correct choice.
Option C - This option states the commercial advantages of turning Hevelia into a full-blown airport. But it does not touch upon the benefit of Hevelia in avoiding the delays at Greentown.
Thus, this is not the correct choice.
Option D - This gives an urgency to the problem of delays and implies that a solution is required. But it does not touch on whether the Hevelia alternative is a viable solution or not.
Thus, this is not the correct answer choice.
Option E - This is in line with our pre-thinking.
If Greentown is used as a regional center of sorts by many airlines, then they would not be inclined to take the Hevelia route. Their passengers take flights which are available from Greentown to other places. Shifting to Hevelia will the make this a difficult thing to do as Hevelia is 40 miles away. And the airlines would stick to landing at Green town.
This supports the experts’ claim that shifting to Hevelia is not going to reduce delays that occur so commonly.
Thus, this is the correct answer choice.
Only a reduction of 10 percent in the number of scheduled flights using Greentown’s airport will allow the delays that are so common there to be avoided.
In Greentown airport, flights face the problem of delays.
This problem is a common one.
Just a reduction of 10% is required to be made in the total number of scheduled flights that use Greentown airport to avoid these delays
We can infer here, that it is the sheer number of scheduled flights that is causing the delays.
Hevelia airstrip, 40 miles away, would, if upgraded and expanded, be an attractive alternative for fully 20 percent of the passengers using Greentown airport.
Hevelia airstrip is 40 miles away.
It can be an attractive option for 20% of the total passengers using Greentown airport.
This would be possible only when Hevelia is upgraded and expanded.
We can infer that currently Hevelia is probably not a full-fledged airport like Greentown’s.
Nevertheless, experts reject the claim that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would end the chronic delays at Greentown.
In spite of the Hevelia alternative, experts do not believe that the regular delays at Greentown airport can be avoided.
Thus, they reject the Hevelia plan.
Conclusion
Experts believe that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would not put an end to the common delays at Green town airport.
Pre-thinking
Strengthen Framework
Now per our understanding of the passage, let’s first write down the strengthen framework:
What new information will help us believe more in the conclusion that
Turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would not put an end to the regular delays at Greentown airport.
Given that
Only 10% of the scheduled flights at Green town need to be reduced in order to avoid the commonly occurring delays.
This means delays are common at Greentown
20% of the passengers will find Hevelia airstrip an attractive alternative to using Greentown airport
Once Hevelia is upgraded and expanded
Hevelia is 40 miles away
Thought Process
The author mentions that 20% of the passengers would find Hevelia an attractive alternative.
What about the remaining 80% of the passengers?
Would they also find the change attractive? Or would they be discomfited?
If a good majority of the passengers do not find Hevelia an attractive alternative, then they
would probably not choose airlines operating that route and that would not be beneficial for the
airlines as well.
Thus, the Hevelia plan will not turn out to be a success.
Moreover, Hevelia is a good 40 miles away.
What if it is too far for the majority of the passengers and they stick to the Greentown route
Strengthener
So, if an option statement indicates that passengers are more inclined to the idea of using Greentown because of some reason, over using Hevelia, and are therefore likely to take the
Green town route, then it would strengthen the experts’ claim that turning Hevelia into a full-blown airport is not going to significantly reduce delays at Greentown.
Answer Choice Analysis
Option A - The passage does not talk about any costs involved. Even the experts do not mention costs involved as the reason for rejecting the claim. Their reason for rejection is that the change will not eliminate the delays and therefore the plan is useless.
Thus, this option is not the correct choice.
Option B - This is another alternative or option being presented. But even if this option is better than the Hevelia option, does it support the conclusion, why Hevelia itself will not solve the problem of delays.
No, it does not. It just moves away to another alternative.
Thus, is not the correct choice.
Option C - This option states the commercial advantages of turning Hevelia into a full-blown airport. But it does not touch upon the benefit of Hevelia in avoiding the delays at Greentown.
Thus, this is not the correct choice.
Option D - This gives an urgency to the problem of delays and implies that a solution is required. But it does not touch on whether the Hevelia alternative is a viable solution or not.
Thus, this is not the correct answer choice.
Option E - This is in line with our pre-thinking.
If Greentown is used as a regional center of sorts by many airlines, then they would not be inclined to take the Hevelia route. Their passengers take flights which are available from Greentown to other places. Shifting to Hevelia will the make this a difficult thing to do as Hevelia is 40 miles away. And the airlines would stick to landing at Green town.
This supports the experts’ claim that shifting to Hevelia is not going to reduce delays that occur so commonly.
Thus, this is the correct answer choice.
