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I apologize for being MIA the last couple of days. Some urgent project work kept me away from my favorite past time :)

So here is the Passage of the Day - Feb 9

This passage is from discovermagazine.com. The complete article makes for a very interesting read if you are particularly into health and fitness and nutrition! I will include the link at the end of my post. For now, read these two paragraphs and then answer ONE question at the end.

Passage


Quote:
When Charlotte Benkner died last year at age 114, a dining hall in Ohio was named in her honor. Benkner, briefly acclaimed as the world’s oldest living person, was known for eating a lot; one obituary listed her appetite as “voracious.” It’s enough to make the average person bitter: How could Benkner survive to truly old age on pork chops and cake when the rest of us may not make it to 70 without three servings of broccoli a day?

The answer lies in the fledgling science of nutritional genomics, the study of how our genes interact with the nutrients in the foods we eat. While a handful of food-gene interactions have been studied before—lactose intolerance, for instance, is known to be caused by a variation in the lactase gene—most are only now being charted.

Question


What can be said about the science of nutritional genomics? Please indicate the correct answer and also give reasoning behind your selection. (Kudos to those who give correct rationale and obviously correct answer)

1. Scientists used to study this field of science, but not anymore.
2. Scientists have recently started to study this field of science.
3. Scientists have had similar level of interest in this field of science throughout the course of time.

And here is the link of the article for your perusal. https://discovermagazine.com/2005/oct/nutrition

Looking forward to your responses!
For me option 2 is the answer .
Reason being only handful of studies are present till now .
So scientist would have
studied this in the recent past

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What can be said about the science of nutritional genomics? Please indicate the correct answer and also give reasoning behind your selection. (Kudos to those who give correct rationale and obviously correct answer)

1. Scientists used to study this field of science, but not anymore.
2. Scientists have recently started to study this field of science.
3. Scientists have had similar level of interest in this field of science throughout the course of time.

Hi,

Thanks for sharing this interesting article, and great initiative this "Passage of the Day" :-)

About the questions, we can say about the science of nutritional genomics, that is an emerging field which studies the interactions between our genes and food. This is quite a promising field of study, I'd say, since in the future we would be able to select the food thats suits us best depending on our gene pool.

For the questions, I think the correct one is number 3. This is, whereas the nutritional genomic field is fledging, there has been a "handful" of studies in the past about the interactions between genes and food (i.e. lactose intolerance).
Thus, both (1) and (2) are not correct, since the field is emerging and alive, and despite it wasn't considered as field before, there were studies on the same topics covered by the field.

Regards,

Arturo
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Nevernevergiveup

Passage


Quote:
When Charlotte Benkner died last year at age 114, a dining hall in Ohio was named in her honor. Benkner, briefly acclaimed as the world’s oldest living person, was known for eating a lot; one obituary listed her appetite as “voracious.” It’s enough to make the average person bitter: How could Benkner survive to truly old age on pork chops and cake when the rest of us may not make it to 70 without three servings of broccoli a day?

The answer lies in the fledgling science of nutritional genomics, the study of how our genes interact with the nutrients in the foods we eat. While a handful of food-gene interactions have been studied before—lactose intolerance, for instance, is known to be caused by a variation in the lactase gene—most are only now being charted.

Question


What can be said about the science of nutritional genomics? .................................. the study of how our genes interact with the nutrients in the foods we eat.

Please indicate the correct answer and also give reasoning behind your selection. (Kudos to those who give correct rationale and obviously correct answer)

1. Scientists used to study this field of science, but not anymore.............................While a handful of food-gene interactions have been studied before most are only now being charted.
2. Scientists have recently started to study this field of science.......................fledgling science
3. Scientists have had similar level of interest in this field of science throughout the course of time.............While a handful of food-gene interactions have been studied before most are only now being charted. This indicates scientists interest in past as well.


Hi Nevernevergiveup,
Thank you for your detailed response. But I believe you did not understand the question in its entirety. May I please request you to review the response from rahulforsure. That being said, I believe you did understand the spirit of the question. :)

Regards,
Payal
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rahulforsure

The answer is: 2. Scientists have recently started to study this field of science.

Here's my rationale: The para of importance is: "The answer lies in the fledgling science of nutritional genomics, the study of how our genes interact with the nutrients in the foods we eat. While a handful of food-gene interactions have been studied before, most are only now being charted."

So, what does the word 'fledgling' mean? If you know the meaning of the word then you know the answer directly: it's something which is still developing; the answer is 2. However, if you don't know the meaning (I did't), you can derive it. The contrast word 'while' plays an important role here denoting that MOST of the study is NOW being done, and that only a HANDFUL of interactions were studied before. So, it is in recent past that the scientists have started studying the interactions. Hence, 'fledgling' science must mean a science which is underdeveloped or which is still developing.

Hope my answer and approach is correct. :)

Absolutely wonderful analysis rahulforsure. Your analysis is spot on. In fact it is so thorough and detailed that I do not even need to post my solution for this question! Great job.
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DasAshish1

For me option 2 is the answer .
Reason being only handful of studies are present till now .
So scientist would have
studied this in the recent past

DasAshish1, correct answer!
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Hi Arturo Escudero,

I appreciate your kind words of appreciation. And thank you for your participation. The correct answer is choice 2. Accordingly, may I request you to please review the response in https://gmatclub.com/forum/passage-of-the-day-feb-233398-20.html#p1802881post. And please let me know if you have any questions.

Regards,

Payal
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I am back. Sorry about the delay. I will surely make it up to you for the lost days (at least I will honestly try).

Let's start with a rather small sentence that I read in wsj edition of Feb 10. Needless to say, it is about the current affairs regarding one of the most talked about affairs of the current times - President Trump.

I will take this sentence and convert into a mini SC question and see what you can learn from it!

Passage


President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling political dynamics in countries across the globe, bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader and potentially reshaping America's alliances.
1. potentially reshaping
2. who potentially reshape

Questions


Here are the questions for this passage:

1. What is the meaning per choice 1?
2. What is the meaning per choice 2?
3. Are the two meanings the same?
4. Is sentence per choice 1 logically sound?
5. Is sentence per choice 2 logically sound?
6. Is sentence per choice 1 grammatically correct?
7. Is sentence per choice 2 grammatically correct?

I look forward to your responses. Needless to say - kudos for correct and precise responses!

Regards,

Payal
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I am back. Sorry about the delay. I will surely make it up to you for the lost days (at least I will honestly try).

Let's start with a rather small sentence that I read in wsj edition of Feb 10. Needless to say, it is about the current affairs regarding one of the most talked about affairs of the current times - President Trump.

I will take this sentence and convert into a mini SC question and see what you can learn from it!

Passage


President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling political dynamics in countries across the globe, bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader and potentially reshaping America's alliances.
1. potentially reshaping
2. who potentially reshape

Questions


Here are the questions for this passage:

1. What is the meaning per choice 1?
2. What is the meaning per choice 2?
3. Are the two meanings the same?
4. Is sentence per choice 1 logically sound?
5. Is sentence per choice 2 logically sound?
6. Is sentence per choice 1 grammatically correct?
7. Is sentence per choice 2 grammatically correct?

I look forward to your responses. Needless to say - kudos for correct and precise responses!

Regards,

Payal

1. What is the meaning per choice 1?
.Some Candidates. is the subject
2. What is the meaning per choice 2?
.Donalt trumps combative approch. is subject.
3. Are the two meanings the same?
No
4. Is sentence per choice 1 logically sound?
No
5. Is sentence per choice 2 logically sound?
Yes
6. Is sentence per choice 1 grammatically correct?
Yes
7. Is sentence per choice 2 grammatically correct?
Yes

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Passage


President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling political dynamics in countries across the globe, bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader and potentially reshaping America's alliances.
1. potentially reshaping
2. who potentially reshape

Questions


Here are the questions for this passage:

1. What is the meaning per choice 1?
2. What is the meaning per choice 2?
3. Are the two meanings the same?
4. Is sentence per choice 1 logically sound?
5. Is sentence per choice 2 logically sound?
6. Is sentence per choice 1 grammatically correct?
7. Is sentence per choice 2 grammatically correct?

I look forward to your responses. Needless to say - kudos for correct and precise responses!

Regards,

Payal

Interesting question :) Let's begin by analyzing the two choices:

Choice-1: "President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling political dynamics in countries across the globe, bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader and potentially reshaping America's alliances."

Analysis: Ok, so, President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling the political dynamics in countries across the globe. Fair enough. The next part of the sentence is a comma + -ing structure. This means it must modify the preceding phrase or it must present the effects. Here, it is presenting the effects, which are:
1. bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader
2. potentially reshaping America's alliances
Thus, 'potentially reshaping' is basically denoting one of the effects of President Donald Trump's combative approach and showing how approach is scrambling the political dynamics in countries across the globe. It is noteworthy to notice that the use of 'and' here makes 'bolstering' and 'reshaping' parallel.

Choice-2: "President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling political dynamics in countries across the globe, bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader and who potentially reshape America's alliances."

Analysis: Hmmmm. Interesting. This choice feels different from the first one. :idea: the word 'who' in the phrase 'who potentially reshape' plays an important role here. Similar to first choice, the comma + -ing structure is presenting the effects, which is bolstering something. So, what is getting bolstered?
1. some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader, and
2. the ones who potentially reshape America's alliances.
Thus, 'who potentially reshape' is referring to those candidates who can reshape America's alliances. It is noteworthy to notice that the use of 'and' here makes 'who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader' and 'who potentially reshape' parallel.

Now, with this understanding let's tackle the questions:

1. What is the meaning per choice 1?
Ans: Clearly, from our analysis it means that President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling the political dynamics in countries across the globe, and this in turn is bolstering some candidates (who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader) and is (potentially) reshaping America's alliances.

2. What is the meaning per choice 2?
Ans: Again, President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is scrambling the political dynamics in countries across the globe, and this in turn is bolstering individuals who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader and who who potentially reshape America's alliances.

3. Are the two meanings the same?
Ans: A big NO!

4. Is sentence per choice 1 logically sound?
Ans: Yes. The President's approach may have these effects.

5. Is sentence per choice 2 logically sound?
Ans: No. Can a few individuals, bolstered by the President's approach change America's alliances? Wow, I'd like to be a person who can change a country's alliances!

6. Is sentence per choice 1 grammatically correct?
Ans: Yes.

7. Is sentence per choice 2 grammatically correct?
Ans: Yes.

Hope I'm correct :)

P.S. Another interesting observation: if we add a comma before 'and' in the original sentence, it would again change the meaning completely. The meaning will then become: President Donald Trump's combative approach to world affairs is having three effects which are:
1. it is scrambling political dynamics in countries across the globe
2. it is bolstering some candidates who promise to stand up to the new U.S. leader, and
3. it is potentially reshaping America's alliances.
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deepverma

1. What is the meaning per choice 1?
.Some Candidates. is the subject
2. What is the meaning per choice 2?
.Donalt trumps combative approch. is subject.
3. Are the two meanings the same?
No
4. Is sentence per choice 1 logically sound?
No
5. Is sentence per choice 2 logically sound?
Yes
6. Is sentence per choice 1 grammatically correct?
Yes
7. Is sentence per choice 2 grammatically correct?
Yes


deepverma, Thank you for your response. Your answers are not correct. You are correct that both sentences are grammatically correct and that they do communicate different meanings. But you have not stated the meanings of the two sentences properly. Furthermore, meaning communicated by sentence 1 is logical but not by sentence 2.

I would request you to take a look at the response from rahulforsure to get the detailed solution!
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rahulforsure, once again amazing response. I am so glad that you have embraced the e-GMAT meaning based methodology so very well. Frankly, after reading your response, I do not feel there is any need for me to write the solution! So great job!

Your analysis is spot on and in fact the last consideration that you have shown is also absolutely correct!

I hope all the readers can appreciate how focus on meaning can help decipher such minute changes in the sentence. All one needs is focus on the meaning. :)
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This is Set 2 of Passage of the Day series. You may find Set 1 here - https://gmatclub.com/forum/passage-of-t ... l#p1799721

Passage for Feb 16


The passage for the next few days will entail a single long passage, but I will not serve all the parts to you together. I will discuss the responses for a group of parts together. Here is the first part of the passage:

Quote:
Another view that is widespread among affluent First World people, but which they will rarely express openly, is that they themselves are managing just fine at carrying on with their lifestyles despite all those environmental problems, which fall primarily on Third World people.

Question

What can be inferred from the passage?
1. Environmental problems do not concern affluent First World people.
2. Environmental problems mainly concern Third World people.

Answer Choices


A. Both 1 and 2
B. Only 1
C. Only 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

Looking forward to your responses!
Regards,
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As per the paragraph, the environmental problems are a concern for affluent people as well but they are able to manage these problems.

Most problems are faced by the third world nations.

So, my answer: C (i.e. Only 2. Environment problems mainly concern third world people).
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As per the paragraph, the environmental problems are a concern for affluent people as well but they are able to manage these problems.

Most problems are faced by the third world nations.

So, my answer: C (i.e. Only 2. Environment problems mainly concern third world people).

Thanks SMendiratta for your response. Please note that I made a small edit in the passage. So let me know if you would like to change your response in the light of the same. As such after reviewing your reasoning, I do not believe that the edit will get in the way. :)

Here is the edit by the way
..., which really don’t concern them because the problems fall mainly on Third World people.
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Quote:
Another view that is widespread among affluent First World people, but which they will rarely express openly, is that they themselves are managing just fine at carrying on with their lifestyles despite all those environmental problems, which fall primarily on Third World people.

Question

What can be inferred from the passage?
1. Environmental problems do not concern affluent First World people.
2. Environmental problems mainly concern Third World people.

Answer Choices


A. Both 1 and 2
B. Only 1
C. Only 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2

Here is the answer to this question:
The correct answer is choice C - Only 2 can be inferred. Now the reasoning of it is what is interesting:
Here is the passage: Notice the blue part and the green part of this passage:

Another view that is widespread among affluent First World people, but which they will rarely express openly, is that they themselves are managing just fine at carrying on with their lifestyles despite all those environmental problems, which fall primarily on Third World people

Blue part = what the author reports as a view of some one else.
Green part = what the author states as a fact

So nothing from blue part can be inferred since that is not the author's view or fact. That is view point of some other person or group that is just being presented by the author.
So it is very important to understand what is the view of the author and what is simply being reported by the author.
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Passage for Feb 19


Another view that is widespread among affluent First World people, but which they will rarely express openly, is that they themselves are managing just fine at carrying on with their lifestyles despite all those environmental problems, which fall primarily on Third World people.

Actually rich are not immune to environmental problems. CEOs of big First World companies eat food, drink water, breathe air, and have (or try to conceive) children, like the rest of us. While they can usually avoid problems of water quality by drinking bottled water, they find it much more difficult to avoid being exposed to the same problems of food and air quality as the rest of us. Living disproportionately high on the food chain, at levels at which toxic substances become concentrated, they are at more rather than less risk of reproductive impairment due to ingestion of or exposure to toxic materials, possibly contributing to their higher infertility rates and the increasing frequency with which they require medical assistance in conceiving.

Question


Read this passage and give your synopsis of what you understand from it. Here are some questions to answer:
1. What is the author's take on impact of environmental problems on the rich?
2. Who are the rich people?
3. Does the author agree with the view of the rich?
4. Why has the author mentioned "they can usually avoid problems of water quality by drinking bottled water"?

Looking forward to your response. As usual kudos to the person who provides optimum analysis. And can you also specify how such an exercise will help you in your verbal preparation? Which section(s) will you see an impact in?
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I am back!
Here comes the Passage for Feb 4.
This is a passage that contains of a single sentence from the same article from which I pulled out our passage for Feb 3. Source: wsj

Here is what I want you to do:


1. Read this sentence just one time - i.e. when you are reading it, make sure that you are comprehending it as well.
2. Then answer the questions that I ask below - do not re-read the sentence to understand the meaning of the sentence. You can definitely refer to it to find the answer.
3. Then reply back to this post indicating how many questions you were able to answer confidently.

Quote:
Admission officials at New York University - where freshman applications from overseas rose 7.3% to 18373 and deposits from international students who have already been admitted are tracking ahead of last year - will urge admitted students to begin filling visa paperwork immediately, because of uncertainty over whether the approval process will be more complicated this year.

Here are the questions:
1. What does the number 18373 signify?
a. The current number of freshman applications from overseas for New York University.
b. The number by which the freshman applications from overseas for New York University has increased this year.

2. What deposits are being talked about?
a. Deposits made by international students who have been admitted to all universities in US.
b. Deposits made by international students who have been admitted to New York University.
c. Deposits made by all students of New York University.

3. Who is urging admitted students to begin filling visa paperwork immediately?
a. Current students
b. Admission officials at New York University
c. Freshman applicants
d. International students

4. Who are being urged to begin filling visa paperwork immediately?
a. All freshman applicants
b. All admitted students
c. All current students
d. Admission officials

5. What is the reason behind immediately filling visa paperwork?
a. Greater number of freshman applications this year
b. Uncertainty regarding the complexity of approval process this year

I look forward to your reply indicating the number of questions that you were able to answer confidently. The answer key is present here.
1a:2b:3b:4b:5b

Passage for Tomorrow!


Now one thing I do want you to understand - even though this sentence is long, it is very easy to understand - why? Because of the topic of this sentence. This is a sentence that you all can relate to. It pertains to you; it pertains to the current affairs that are very much in open discussion today!

But remember what we are doing here - we are working towards comprehending a given passage in a single read. So when we read we should apply all our reading strategies. Tomorrow, I will find a similar long sentence but not from a subject that is not as "relatable" as this one! So consider this one as a warm-up practice for tomorrow.:)


Q 1-A, 2-B, 3-B, 4-B, 5-B
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