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16 Apr 2020, 05:38
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Physicist: Determinism is the view that every event has a preceding cause sufficient for its occurrence. That is, if determinism is true, then the events that are presently occurring could not have failed to occur given the state of the universe a moment ago. Determinism, however, is false because it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time since it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle at a particular time.
The physicist’s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
(A) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle does not imply that it is impossible to know either the position or velocity of all subatomic particles.
(B) That the complete state of the universe at any given time is unknowable does not imply that the states at that time of the individual subatomic particles making it up are unknowable.
(C) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle at a particular time does not imply that its position or velocity cannot be accurately measured separately.
(D) That it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time does not imply that there is no complete state of the universe at that time.
(E) That the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle cannot be jointly measured with accuracy does not imply that this is the case for the position and velocity of all subatomic particles.
The physicist’s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
(A) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle does not imply that it is impossible to know either the position or velocity of all subatomic particles.
(B) That the complete state of the universe at any given time is unknowable does not imply that the states at that time of the individual subatomic particles making it up are unknowable.
(C) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle at a particular time does not imply that its position or velocity cannot be accurately measured separately.
(D) That it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time does not imply that there is no complete state of the universe at that time.
(E) That the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle cannot be jointly measured with accuracy does not imply that this is the case for the position and velocity of all subatomic particles.
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19 Apr 2020, 00:09
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Physicist: Determinism is the view that every event has a preceding cause sufficient for its occurrence. That is, if determinism is true, then the events that are presently occurring could not have failed to occur given the state of the universe a moment ago. Determinism, however, is false because it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time since it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle at a particular time.
The physicist’s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
The author's reasoning is that since we cannot measure some entities then determinism is false.
The problem here is that just because we cannot measure something, it does not mean that that something does not exist.
Options A,B,C and D are clearly out of scope. Option D matches with the reasoning above.
(A) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle does not imply that it is impossible to know either the position or velocity of all subatomic particles.
(B) That the complete state of the universe at any given time is unknowable does not imply that the states at that time of the individual subatomic particles making it up are unknowable.
(C) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle at a particular time does not imply that its position or velocity cannot be accurately measured separately.
(D) That it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time does not imply that there is no complete state of the universe at that time.
(E) That the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle cannot be jointly measured with accuracy does not imply that this is the case for the position and velocity of all subatomic particles.
The physicist’s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds?
The author's reasoning is that since we cannot measure some entities then determinism is false.
The problem here is that just because we cannot measure something, it does not mean that that something does not exist.
Options A,B,C and D are clearly out of scope. Option D matches with the reasoning above.
(A) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle does not imply that it is impossible to know either the position or velocity of all subatomic particles.
(B) That the complete state of the universe at any given time is unknowable does not imply that the states at that time of the individual subatomic particles making it up are unknowable.
(C) That it is impossible to measure accurately both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle at a particular time does not imply that its position or velocity cannot be accurately measured separately.
(D) That it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time does not imply that there is no complete state of the universe at that time.
(E) That the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle cannot be jointly measured with accuracy does not imply that this is the case for the position and velocity of all subatomic particles.
27 Feb 2023, 15:43
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The Argument:
The physicist's argument is that determinism is false because it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time, including both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle.
Analysis:
The criticism that is most relevant to the physicist's argument is one that attacks the above reasoning. Basically, it would say that it is possible to know the complete stat of the universe.
Answer:
Among the options provided, (D) is the best answer as it argues against the physicist's claim that it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe by suggesting that the lack of knowledge about the complete state of the universe does not imply that there is no complete state of the universe at that time. Therefore, (D) is the correct answer.
Answer choice (B) is wrong because it does not provide a direct criticism of the physicist's argument. It suggests that the physicist is wrong because the states of individual subatomic particles making up the universe may be knowable, even if the complete state of the universe is not. However, this response does not address the physicist's argument directly and does not provide a strong criticism.
The physicist's argument is that determinism is false because it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe at any given time, including both the position and velocity of any given subatomic particle.
Analysis:
The criticism that is most relevant to the physicist's argument is one that attacks the above reasoning. Basically, it would say that it is possible to know the complete stat of the universe.
Answer:
Among the options provided, (D) is the best answer as it argues against the physicist's claim that it is impossible to know the complete state of the universe by suggesting that the lack of knowledge about the complete state of the universe does not imply that there is no complete state of the universe at that time. Therefore, (D) is the correct answer.
Answer choice (B) is wrong because it does not provide a direct criticism of the physicist's argument. It suggests that the physicist is wrong because the states of individual subatomic particles making up the universe may be knowable, even if the complete state of the universe is not. However, this response does not address the physicist's argument directly and does not provide a strong criticism.
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