Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerab

Question

Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.

(A) Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.

(B) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.

(C) Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.

(D) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.

(E) Risks are affected by human actions which increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.

AdityaHongunti · Answer

Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.

(A) Risks are  effected  by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability,  like  where people live and how they build.
="effect" is noun ; "Affect" is verb ... examples are give n by "Such as" ...(hese examples are given to name some human actions which increase or decrease ...)

(B) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability,  like  where people live and how they build.
=
(C) Risks are  effected  by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.
=
 (D) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.
 
(E) Risks are affected by human actions  which  increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.
= "which" needs a comma beofre it

AkshdeepS · Answer

1. "Affect" is usually a verb, and it means to impact or change.

The tornado affected citizens within forty miles of Topeka

2. "Affect" as a noun means feeling, emotion, or specific emotional response.

The patient had a flat affect throughout the therapy session.

3. "Effect" is usually a noun, an effect is the result of a change.

The effect of the tornado was devastating.

4. "Effect" as a verb means to bring about. It usually shows up with nouns like “change” or “solutions.”

The protesters wanted to effect change in the corrupt government.

"Like" is a preposition and must be followed by a "noun or noun phrase" only

"Such as" is used to show examples.

(A) Risks are   effected   by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.

(B) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability,   like   where people live and how they build.

(C) Risks are   effected   by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.

(D) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build. 
 
(E) Risks are affected by human actions   which   increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.

Raj30 · Answer

What is the difference in the usage of 'which' and 'that' ?

AkshdeepS · Answer

"That" creates a restrictive clause, a clause that can't be removed without changing the meaning of the sentence.

My bike that is white has a punctured tire.

Means I may have other bike, but the bike that is white has a punctured tire, others may not

My bike, which is grey, has a problem.

If we remove "which clause" , even then the meaning is clear.

My bike has a problem. Here we can remove "which clause" without changing the meaning.

We provide a comma before "which" but not before "that".

But "which" is not preceded by a comma when used after a preposition.

The bus in which I travelled got punctured.

Here "In" is a preposition so we don't use comma before which, because if we remove "which" the sentence will not make sense

Hope this helps.

gvij2017 · Answer

Hello There!

I have one doubt here.

You said "That" is used for restrictive clause. Absolutely correct.

But when you say that "which" is used for non-restrictive clause. That's I think not true at all. 
Lets see an example here.

I like the car  which has six cylinder engine manufactured by Ford .

Here I which is acting as restrictive modifier. Now if I omit bold part from above sentence, "I like the car" doesn't make sense completely. 
Where I am wrong here. 
Why E is incorrect here.

AkshdeepS · Answer

Hi,

The rules are very specific to GMAT only. GMAT will not use "which" in the sentence you mentioed above
 GMAC is very specific about rules that may seem awkward to others.
You have to learn the rules as GMAC wants you to learn and implement. Also, it will not be helpful to read non official material while preparing for GMAT VERBAL.
Another difference to which/ that rule may be due to difference between USA and UK English language. So learn exactly the way GMAC likes as this is the only way to score high on GMAT sentence correction

AkshdeepS · Answer

This question may help you buddy. I have attached an E-gmat pdf that may help you to clarify more.

Bunuel · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:

D. Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.

This sentence requires you to choose between affect and effect. The sentence uses the word as a verb, so you need to pick an option with affect rather than effect. Choices (A) and (C) can’t be right. You can also eliminate Choice (B) because it uses like to mean “for example.” The better option is “such as,” which leaves you with Choices (D) and (E). Choice (E) switches that to which, but which introduces nonessential clauses and therefore should be preceded by a comma. The descriptive clause is essential, so that is the proper pronoun and Choice (D) is the answer.

jaisonsunny77 · Answer

Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.
  
 Key idea : The difference between ''affected'' and ''effected'' is as follows:

affected: influenced

effect: the word 'effect' is used to establish the idea of causality. In other words, ''effect'' is used to establish the link between the source and the result. for example: The motivation you receive has a great effect on your GMAT preparation.

In the context of the passage, we need to use ''affected''. Since (A) and (C) use ''effected'', we can   eliminate (A) and (C).  
 
(B) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, like where people live and how they build.  -   "like" cannot be used to compare 'actions'

(D) Risks are affected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build. - has no error. Hence,   (D) is the right answer choice. 
  
(E) Risks are affected by human actions which increase or decrease vulnerability, such as where people live and how they build.  -  the relative clause ''which increase.....'' must be separated from the subject ''human actions'' by a comma.

Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerab

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Risks are effected by human actions that increase or decrease vulnerab

Prep Toolkit

615 to 715 in 15 Days (Ria's Strategies)

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Perfect 805 Score Debrief by Julia

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