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555-605 Level|   Comparisons|      
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 10 Sep 2020, 04:35
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fozzzy
Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of walking as being less efficient than in modern human beings.

(A) as being less efficient than in
(B) as less efficient than it is in
(C) as less efficient than that of
(D) to be less efficient than that of
(E) to have been less efficient than it is in


Show Spoiler
Can someone explain C and D, what is "that" referring to is it "manner of walking"?
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Anyone please explain when to use "regard as" and when to " regard to be".

Thanks in advance. :)
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 12 Dec 2020, 07:11
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fozzzy
Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of walking as being less efficient than in modern human beings.

(A) as being less efficient than in
(B) as less efficient than it is in
(C) as less efficient than that of
(D) to be less efficient than that of
(E) to have been less efficient than it is in


Show Spoiler
Can someone explain C and D, what is "that" referring to is it "manner of walking"?

Anyone please explain when to use "regard as" and when to " regard to be".

Thanks in advance. :)
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GMATNinja egmat Can someone clarify the above query?
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 05 Feb 2021, 10:20
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jrk23
fozzzy
Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of walking as being less efficient than in modern human beings.

(A) as being less efficient than in
(B) as less efficient than it is in
(C) as less efficient than that of
(D) to be less efficient than that of
(E) to have been less efficient than it is in


Show Spoiler
Can someone explain C and D, what is "that" referring to is it "manner of walking"?

Anyone please explain when to use "regard as" and when to " regard to be".

Thanks in advance. :)
Show more
Quote:
saichandrateja


Anyone please explain when to use "regard as" and when to " regard to be".

Thanks in advance. :)
GMATNinja egmat Can someone clarify the above query?
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The idiom in common usage is "regard as," not "regard to be." Annoyingly, it is more common to say "considered to be," instead of "considered as."

Why? Who knows. Sometimes there's no rhyme or reason to explain why we use one idiom over another.

For an unsatisfying rant about idioms, check out this article. The bottom line is that there are tens of thousands of idioms in the English language, which makes studying those idioms largely a waste of time.

Think of it this way: how likely is it that this exact split -- "regard as" vs. "regard to be" -- shows up on your test? Very, very unlikely. And if it does show up, how likely is it that you can recall this idiom correctly from a list of thousands of idioms, while you're under time pressure? Again, very unlikely.

Sometimes questions do come down to knowing the correct idiom, as this one does. If you run into this on the test, your best bet is to be rock solid on more high value errors (pronouns, comparisons, etc), and then to move on as quickly as you can without wasting precious time debating between idioms.

I hope that helps a bit!
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 19 Aug 2022, 11:29
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(B) as less efficient than it is in
(C) as less efficient than that of

1. isn't the word 'efficient' important part of comaprison since it is attached to 'LESS'
Why not we have 'efficient' on both sides of comparison


2. in B] and C] -'' IT or THAT OF ''refer back to hominid's manner of walking and not just the word 'manner'. Isn't there an ambiguity?
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 21 Aug 2022, 05:57
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Anshul1223333
(B) as less efficient than it is in
(C) as less efficient than that of

1. isn't the word 'efficient' important part of comaprison since it is attached to 'LESS'
Why not we have 'efficient' on both sides of comparison


2. in B] and C] -'' IT or THAT OF ''refer back to hominid's manner of walking and not just the word 'manner'. Isn't there an ambiguity?
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Hello Anshul1223333,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, "efficient" is not repeated because the entire phrase "less efficient" is the comparison marker.

For example, consider this sentence - "Today the weather is less sunny than it was yesterday." - here, the grammatical elements being compared are the clauses "Today the weather is" and "it was yesterday", and "less sunny" is the comparison marker.

Further, the pronoun "that" can be used to refer to just the main noun of a noun phrase - "manner of walking" in this case - so, there is no ambiguity.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 21 Aug 2022, 14:55
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Anshul1223333
1. isn't the word 'efficient' important part of comaprison since it is attached to 'LESS'
Why not we have 'efficient' on both sides of comparison
Show more

In general, the two parallel parts in a comparison will contain all of the DIFFERENCES between the two items/ideas that the sentence is trying to compare.

A well-written sentence avoids unnecessary repetition. If some aspect is exactly the same on both sides of a comparison, then, that part is not written twice unless it MUST be (for grammatical reasons and/or to resolve ambiguity).


In THIS sentence, though, "efficient" is not part of the parallel items at all—it's part of the COMPARISON STRUCTURE:
X is less efficient than Y

This structure is functionally identical to simpler examples such as "X is smaller than Y". If you understand why "smaller" is not part of 'X' or 'Y', then, by analogy, you also understand why "less efficient" is not part of either of the two parallel structures above.


Quote:
2. in B] and C] -'' IT or THAT OF ''refer back to hominid's manner of walking and not just the word 'manner'. Isn't there an ambiguity?
Show more

No ambiguity.

The pronouns "it" and "they" ALWAYS refer to a noun WITH ALL OF THE ORIGINAL CONTEXT AND ATTACHED DESCRIPTIONS.
So, "it" in choice B is WRONG, for the exact reason you wrote here: it stands for the entire phrase "the early hominids' manner of walking". With that referent, the right-hand side becomes complete nonsense (there's no such thing as EARLY hominids' gait in MODERN humans!)
It's not ambiguous—it's unambiguously INCORRECT.

On the other hand, the pronouns "that" and "those"—which appear in comparison sentences—specifically DON'T carry forward all of the original context attached to the noun. (This is how comparisons work in general: The two items are similar enough to be parallel, but they MUST somehow differ. You can't write a comparison between something and itself!)
These pronouns ONLY EXIST because they are UNLIKE "it" and "them".
In this context, "that" stands for "manner of walking"—the sentence compares early hominids' manner of walking to modern humans' manner of walking.
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Some anthropologists regard the early hominids' manner of 19 Sep 2023, 10:07
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