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Ans: E

A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be; from x to y needs x and y to be parallel

B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to; it conveys that market first rose from x to y and then doubled

C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be; same error as option A

D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to; this makes the two events separate

E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to ; rising..describes how the market doubled. from x to y is used in a correct manner
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The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

In E, this is the common ", verb-ing" modifier structure. As a habit, we want to cut out the other modifiers and check whether "rising" correctly modifies the action, and whatever is doing the action, before the comma. What is the subject and verb? "The market...doubled, rising". E is correct. ",rising" perfectly matches the intended meaning, and is more concise than "in rising", "in having risen", or "with its rise". In C, "as" is ambiguous -- it could either mean "because" or "while"; "while" is not the intended meaning -- The OG explanation notes that "the market did not nearly double throughout the time that it was rising".

The other common idiom here is "From X to Y". "to be" is wrong --> eliminate A and C
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Chose E over D, because it was more crisp and less wordy ;also more of a text bookish example of -ing Sc questions
Any other grammar based explanation?
The OG explanation seems a litlle hard to click in exam setting
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generis
The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

SC39850.02

Hi generis
What is OE for the problem?
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comma+doing can modify the main clause. there are many meaning relations between the main clause and doing, some of them cause, result , detail , context of the action or event in the main clause
in choice e, rising... elaborate the main action and logically modify the main action.
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generis
The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

SC39850.02

A)it didn't double in rising
B)same as A
C)Doubled resulted in Rising of amount. As it rose meant both are at same period (past) wrong.
D)It didn't double with its rise


E)perfect eliminates all above errors . Looks concise, also From x to y is idiomatic and preferred here than to be

Thanks. :thumbsup:
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[quote="generis"]The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

(A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

regarding choice D.

someone have posted , saying that "with its rise..." creates a separate action. this is great idea. now , I will tell about choice D

first, "its" is not clear. the unclearness can be tolerable on gmat but if another choice has clear reference of the pronoun, certainly, the choice with unclear pronoun is wrong. in choice E, "rising" clearly refer to the subject of the main clause and is much better.

second.
"with+noun+doing/do-ed/adjective" is a phrase, which can work as an adverb and show an attendant circumstance. but after the noun, there must be doing, do-ed, adjective and there must not other noun modification. prepositional phrase such as "from..." of choice D can not modify the noun in this pattern. D is wrong.

third.
the meaning in choice D is also a problem. the pattern "with+noun+doing/ do-ed/adjective show an attendant circumstance, an action, condition happen in the same time frame with the main action in the main clause. "its rise" can not be a separate action but the same action as the main action. so, semantically, D is wrong.

doing when attached to the main clause as in choice E shows a second action not separable from the main clause. in fact, the 2 actions are 2 aspect of one action. this is typical of doing in this pattern.

so, there are 3 reasons to eliminate choice D
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thangvietnam


(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to


regarding choice D.

someone have posted , saying that "with its rise..." creates a separate action. this is great idea. now , I will tell about choice D



second.
"with+noun+doing/do-ed/adjective" is a phrase, which can work as an adverb and show an attendant circumstance. but after the noun, there must be doing, do-ed, adjective and there must not other noun modification. prepositional phrase such as "from..." of choice D can not modify the noun in this pattern. D is wrong.


would you please further explain?
why preposition phrase "from..." cannot modify the noun "raise", I didn't realize why can not.
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The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

(A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to


The market for so-called functional beverages doubled over the cause of four years. Result?
Rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to $4.7 billion in 2000- correctly modifies the preceding clause.
The correct idiomatic usage is from x to y.

E is correct.

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AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma GMATNinja AndrewN

I've seen only perfect participle form.
Quote:
Having + V3, S + V

Do you have examples of using prepo + perfect participle?
Quote:
Preposition + having + V3, S + V.
Is this form above grammatically correct?
How can we use it?

Thank you.
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AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma GMATNinja AndrewN

I've seen only perfect participle form.
Quote:
Having + V3, S + V

Do you have examples of using prepo + perfect participle?
Quote:
Preposition + having + V3, S + V.
Is this form above grammatically correct?
How can we use it?

Thank you.
Hello, TorGmatGod. As with most SC concepts, I am hesitant to put this one into a box and tell you that a preposition plus a perfect participle will always be correct or incorrect. (I will be honest and say that I am unfamiliar with this V3 notation.) You have to go by what you see on the screen, weighing the pros and cons of the five options presented. Could a grammatically sound sentence be written in English that adopts the construct in question? Sure. But the GMAT™ would most likely prefer a more streamlined version of the same sentence. Compare:

1) By having held the party indoors, John was able to keep his guests dry after an extended downpour hit the region.

2) Having held the party indoors, John was able to keep his guests dry after an extended downpour hit the region.

3) By holding the party indoors, John was able to keep his guests dry after an extended downpour hit the region.

The question is not really about what could be true in written English, but about whether you answered this particular question correctly, and whether you understood why the other answer choices were either incorrect or, at the very least, sub-optimal. That is the best you can do with SC. Generalizations or blind adherence to what you believe are firm rules will most likely lead to errors on tougher, more nuanced questions.

I hope that helps. Good luck with your studies, and thank you for thinking to ask me.

- Andrew
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TorGmatGod
AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma GMATNinja AndrewN

I've seen only perfect participle form.
Quote:
Having + V3, S + V

Do you have examples of using prepo + perfect participle?
Quote:
Preposition + having + V3, S + V.
Is this form above grammatically correct?
How can we use it?

Thank you.

Perfect participles are not used very frequently.
With a preposition, there are normally easier ways of writing without using the perfect participle.

Having completed his project weeks before the submission date, he was able to negotiate a promotion.
(to show a complete action before another)
"having completed..." perfect participle modifies "he".

He was able to negotiate a promotion by completing his project weeks before the submission date.
"by completing ..." is a prepositional phrase acting as an adverb.

Do we need "by having completed.."? No. The two versions above are more direct.

That said, generic questions like this are not very useful. It depends on context and what options are available. Prepare for GMAT SC using official and test prep GMAT SC questions.
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Hello experts,
why exactly is D wrong?
pronoun seems ok to me
is it because of with? how?
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Hello experts,
why exactly is D wrong?
pronoun seems ok to me
is it because of with? how?

Hello dcoolguy,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, Option D is inferior to Option E, as the "comma + present participle ("verb+ing" - "rising" in this sentence)" more clearly and concisely conveys the cause-effect relationship between the market rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to $4.7 billion in 2000, and the market nearly doubling.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Very helpful explanation!

Could you help me with this question: why isn't the "its" on letter D clear referring to market?

My reasoning:
1. Looking back to the sentence, we have these singular nouns: course, value and market.
2. As the underlined sentence is describing how the market doubled, is one adverbial modifier.
3. So, necessarily, the pronoun its inside this adv modifier show refer to market.

Is my reasoning incorrect?

Thank you!


EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

(A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

After a quick glance over the options, there are 2 main differences we can focus on:

1. in rising / in having risen / as it rose / with its rise / rising (diction; meaning)
2. to be / to (idioms)


Since #2 on our list is an either-or split, let’s start there. No matter which direction we go in, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. We are dealing with the idiom “from X to Y,” so let’s eliminate any options that don’t follow this idiom format:

(A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

We can eliminate options A & C because “from X to be Y” is not idiomatically correct. Now that we have it narrowed down to 3 options, let’s tackle #1 on our list. We need to make sure the meaning is clear, and we also need to eliminate any options that are overly wordy or confusing:

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

This is INCORRECT because “in having risen” is overly wordy and awkward. You could just as easily say “rising” and mean the same thing. Also, we want the -ing word to focus on the action happening, which in this case should be “rising” and not “having.”

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

This is INCORRECT because there is a vague pronoun. The pronoun “its” isn’t 100% clear - are we referring back to the market, drinks, or something else? Remember - if a pronoun doesn’t have a clear antecedent, that’s a problem!

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

This is CORRECT! The meaning is clear and concise, and there are no issues with idioms or vague pronouns!

There you have it - option E is the winner! By eliminating 2 options quickly, that left us more time to focus on the more nuanced grammatical issues, so we could find the correct choice!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.
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Very helpful explanation!

Could you help me with this question: why isn't the "its" on letter D clear referring to market?

My reasoning:
1. Looking back to the sentence, we have these singular nouns: course, value and market.
2. As the underlined sentence is describing how the market doubled, is one adverbial modifier.
3. So, necessarily, the pronoun its inside this adv modifier show refer to market.

Is my reasoning incorrect?

Thank you!


EMPOWERgmatVerbal
Hello Everyone!

Let's tackle this question, one thing at a time, and narrow down our options quickly so we know how to answer questions like this when they pop up on the GMAT! To begin, let's take a quick look at the question and highlight any major differences between the options in orange:

The market for so-called functional beverages, drinks that promise health benefits beyond their inherent nutritional value, nearly doubled over the course of four years, in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be $4.7 billion in 2000.

(A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

After a quick glance over the options, there are 2 main differences we can focus on:

1. in rising / in having risen / as it rose / with its rise / rising (diction; meaning)
2. to be / to (idioms)


Since #2 on our list is an either-or split, let’s start there. No matter which direction we go in, we’ll eliminate 2-3 options rather quickly. We are dealing with the idiom “from X to Y,” so let’s eliminate any options that don’t follow this idiom format:

(A) in rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(C) as it rose from $2.68 billion in 1997 to be

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

We can eliminate options A & C because “from X to be Y” is not idiomatically correct. Now that we have it narrowed down to 3 options, let’s tackle #1 on our list. We need to make sure the meaning is clear, and we also need to eliminate any options that are overly wordy or confusing:

(B) in having risen from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

This is INCORRECT because “in having risen” is overly wordy and awkward. You could just as easily say “rising” and mean the same thing. Also, we want the -ing word to focus on the action happening, which in this case should be “rising” and not “having.”

(D) with its rise from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

This is INCORRECT because there is a vague pronoun. The pronoun “its” isn’t 100% clear - are we referring back to the market, drinks, or something else? Remember - if a pronoun doesn’t have a clear antecedent, that’s a problem!

(E) rising from $2.68 billion in 1997 to

This is CORRECT! The meaning is clear and concise, and there are no issues with idioms or vague pronouns!

There you have it - option E is the winner! By eliminating 2 options quickly, that left us more time to focus on the more nuanced grammatical issues, so we could find the correct choice!


Don’t study for the GMAT. Train for it.

My issue is a lot more with 'with' than with 'its.'
We use 'with' to show a characteristic or accompaniment. Neither context works here so I wouldn't like to use it. This is not how we usually use 'with.'

We need to explain 'how' the market has doubled and for that we commonly use verb-ing + comma at the end of the clause. Also, 'rising' then correctly refers to the subject of the clause 'market' without any ambiguity.

Hence, (E) is much better than (D).
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