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FROM mbaMission Blog: Top-Paying MBA Programs: The Highest Post-MBA Salaries Among 2024 Graduates
The path to an MBA tends to be a demanding and expensive one. The MBA programs of top-ranked U.S. business schools come with a hefty price tag, not to mention the intensive workload that students navigate throughout their education. For many aspiring MBAs, the end result is what makes it all worthwhile: MBAs are known to earn notably high salaries, starting immediately after graduation. The average post-graduation salaries at all top-ranked business schools are high, but which schools offer the most lucrative financial prospects?

Generally, graduates of top-ranked business schools can expect an average base salary totaling upward of $150,000. For the Class of 2024, graduates of the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) full-time MBA program had the highest average base salary: $187,504. Many of the schools comparable to the GSB reported median salaries instead of average for the Class of 2024—for example, Harvard Business School, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Columbia Business School, and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania all reported a median starting salary of $175,000. Out of the schools that reported average salaries, the MIT Sloan School of Management was the closest to the GSB, with an average starting salary of $169,370.

Business schools that typically rank a bit lower but still within the top 20 also often report average starting salaries of $150,000 or higher from their graduates. At Emory University’s Goizueta Business School, the Class of 2024 entered the workforce with an average starting salary of $153,868—comparable to such schools as the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin and the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University, where 2024 graduates reported average starting salaries of $151,178 and $151,215, respectively.

Earning an MBA requires notable dedication of time, energy, and finances. However, the return on investment on an MBA from a top-ranked school is often remarkable as well. Whether you are a career changer or plan to stick to the field you were in prior to your studies, the career opportunities that an MBA offers are significant and may very well make the whole journey worthwhile. For more in-depth perspectives on how to maximize your MBA experience, check out the mbaMission OnTrack application platform.

Salary data: Schools’ employment reports.
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FROM mbaMission Blog: How to Assess and Fortify Your Academic Record for MBA Applications
As you contemplate your MBA candidacy, you might wonder, “Is my academic record strong enough to get me accepted to my target programs?”

For context, admissions committees evaluate your academic record because it is an important predictor of your ability to handle the rigors of an MBA program. Standardized testing is another essential component in this evaluation, but in this post, we focus on the academic record from your undergraduate studies and any other graduate programs you have already pursued.

So, where should you start with your assessment? First, check your overall (or cumulative) undergraduate GPA. Compare this to the average GPA of your target program’s most recently accepted class. To find this information, check each school’s class profile on its website.

If your GPA is above the program’s average, you should be fine, but you still need to review your transcript in detail to check for anomalies. As you do, ask yourself the following questions:

[*]Did I receive a failing grade—or a D grade—in any courses? [/*]

[*]Do I have only a small number of quantitative courses on my transcript? (Typically, these are math and statistics courses but can also include finance, economics, and accounting classes.) [/*]

[*]Did my GPA drop significantly in any individual term? [/*]

[*]Do I have multiple “withdrawals” on my transcript? [/*]

[*]Did I transfer schools? [/*]
[/list]

If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, you will most likely want to explain the issue in an optional essay. You might also want to consider pursuing supplemental pre-MBA coursework to close any gaps, even if your GPA is above average.

If you answered “no” to all these questions as you evaluated your transcript, and your GPA is above average, congratulations! The admissions committee should view your academic record positively. Although the caliber of your undergraduate university and the rigor of your major will both play a role to some degree, the top MBA programs accept applicants from a wide range of universities and majors, so neither of these factors will likely be a significant hindrance on its own. You can now move on to preparing other aspects of your applications!

If, however, your GPA is below the average for your target program(s), the degree to which this will affect your odds of acceptance depends on how far below the average it is. At most leading U.S. business schools, having a GPA under 3.3 (out of 4.0) will make your acceptance odds much more challenging. If you fall into this category, you should reflect even more deeply on your educational background using the following questions:

[*]Did I struggle with certain types of courses? [/*]

[*]Did I perform better in the courses for my major? [/*]

[*]Did I have a rough start in my first year? [/*]

[*]Did I perform better after switching my major? [/*]

[*]Did I check out early in my final year? [/*]

[*]Did my low grades coincide with other events (e.g., heavy extracurricular activities, health problems, family troubles, other personal issues)? [/*]

[*]Was I distracted by working to pay my tuition or fulfilling demanding athletic commitments? [/*]

[*]Was I lacking maturity? [/*]
[/list]

The purpose of this reflection is not to create excuses but rather to heighten your awareness about factors that negatively affected your academic record. After pinpointing the relevant issues, you can then make an action plan to mitigate them. For most applicants, this plan includes a combination of the following tactics:

[*]Invest more time preparing for standardized testing, because achieving an above-average test score is the best way to offset a weak academic record.[/*]

[*]Take supplemental pre-MBA courses and get A grades in them! [/*]

[*]Pursue a well-recognized professional certification (e.g., CPA, CFA Charter, Six Sigma). [/*]

[*]Write an optional essay (download our free Optional Essays Guide).[/*]

[*]Secure a supplemental reference letter (e.g., from an academic advisor).[/*]

[*]Wait to apply until you have gained additional work experience to demonstrate increased maturity.[/*]

[*]Use your resume to highlight your quantitative skills, and ask your recommenders to emphasize these skills as well.[/*]

[*]Adjust your list of target schools or apply to more safety schools.[/*]
[/list]

A well-balanced mix of these strategies should help you proactively address any weaknesses in your academic record.

We also want to address some special considerations for three specific groups of MBA applicants.

First, if you have already earned a graduate degree (e.g., Master’s in Management, Master’s in Engineering), that degree is also part of your academic record. Although making class average comparisons for master’s program GPAs is more difficult, having a weak GPA could still be a hurdle. On the other hand, a strong master’s program GPA can offer a nice boost to your academic profile. Most business schools ask you to list all undergraduate and graduate institutions you have attended, so if you started a master’s program but did not complete it, you will still need to include this information in your application and explain the situation in an optional essay.

Second, if you are an international candidate, your GPA might not be on the standard U.S. 4.0 scale. WES (World Education Services) can “translate” your transcript, but be aware that this is merely directional; it is neither a perfect translation nor required by business schools. Also, carefully review the English language requirements for your target MBA programs, because you might need to take an English proficiency exam (e.g., TOEFL, IELTS, Duolingo).

Third, if you were ever put on academic probation, involved in an academic or disciplinary hearing, or dismissed from a school, you must be up-front about the situation and carefully craft an optional essay to explain the circumstances. These kinds of academic violations can be a significant concern for admissions committees. Depending on the severity of the issue(s), you might choose to consult legal counsel.

To summarize, we encounter many MBA applicants who think that admissions committees will pay little attention to weak areas of their academic records. Or they think that simply not bringing attention to them is better. But trust us; these issues will not go unnoticed! Your best strategy is to be self-aware and proactively address any concerns the admissions committee could have about your academic record. Make good use of that optional essay!

If you would like targeted guidance on how your academic record could affect your competitiveness for business school, simply sign up for a free 30-minute consultation with an mbaMission admissions expert.
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FROM mbaMission Blog: EMBA versus MBA: Know the Differences
So, you are thinking about getting a master of business administration (MBA). Are you aware that you have multiple options for earning such a degree? In this post, we will compare two different options you might consider—a full-time MBA and an executive MBA (EMBA)—to help you determine which one might be “right” for you.

First, let us provide a little background. According to the AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), more than 277,000 peopleenroll in MBA programs each year. Of that total, EMBA students represent just over 15%.

Although what you will learn is similar across both types of programs, certain other characteristics differ, including students’ level of professional experience, the time required to complete the program, and how the program is designed. Most applicants to full-time MBA programs would not be great candidates for an EMBA program and vice versa. In this post, we will discuss the primary differences between full-time MBA programs and EMBA programs, including how applicants vary for each program.

MBAEMBALocationFixedFluid (relative)Commitment2 years1–2 yearsFixed CohortYesYesEmployed During ProgramNoYesYears of Work Experience4–610–15Management ExperiencePreferredMandatoryFitting for Career ChangersYesNo

Full-Time MBA Programs

Generally speaking, full-time MBA programs are best suited for applicants who have four to six years of work experience. The bulk of these students are working professionals who typically fall between the ages of 25 and 30. Younger and older candidates therefore need to make a good case in their application as to why now is the right time for them to enroll in an MBA program. Most full-time MBA candidates do not have much management experience, if any, which is exactly why they want to attend business school, and many want to leverage the MBA to change careers.

Most full-time MBA programs span two academic years, beginning in August and continuing through May, when the full-time students begin their summer internships. The second year of the full-time MBA program starts in late summer, with students graduating the following May. In full-time MBA programs, students tend to begin and end their business education with the same cohort. The demands of a full-time MBA program mean that students must leave their jobs so they can dedicate themselves fully to their advanced business courses and extracurriculars within the school’s community. The all-encompassing nature of the traditional MBA program helps students build strong bonds with their classmates, establishing a network that can extend for many years beyond graduation.

Typically, students in full-time MBA programs attend classes in a fixed location for two academic years. Full-time students at Columbia Business School (CBS) can choose between two intake options for its MBA program: August entry or January term (J-term). In total, CBS welcomes approximately 900 students per class, just under 700 of whom arrive in August, while the other 200 or so arrive in January. The school’s August-entry MBA students follow the traditional timeline of taking classes across two academic years and completing a summer internship in between. January-entry students take spring and summer semester classes and then join the August-entry students to complete the second year of the MBA program. J-term students do not complete a summer internship, so prospective students for this option tend to come from family businesses or have career goals that can be achieved without needing an internship to provide them with experience.

Some business administration degree programs in the United States and abroad offer accelerated programs, including NYU Stern, Cornell Johnson, Northwestern Kellogg, and INSEAD. Another unique option is Wharton’s San Francisco program, in which 70 second-year MBA students travel to the West Coast for a semester. There, the students’ learning extends beyond the classroom to include networking events, connections with entrepreneurs, and internship opportunities.

EMBA Programs

Most EMBA candidates are working professionals with advanced levels of experience. Even though they are essentially pursuing the same degree as full-time MBA students do, they already possess notable management skills and leadership skills. Many EMBA programs specify how many years of work prospective students must have (usually at least ten) and want candidates to have demonstrated management experience. A good number of EMBA candidates have served in some kind of elevated professional role, such as executive director. The average age of EMBA students is higher than that of full-time MBA students; most are in their late 30s. EMBA students remain fully employed during their studies and typically want to remain within their current industry. Although earning an EMBA rarely leads to a career change, it typically results in career growth. In fact, in certain industries, attending an EMBA program might be required for someone to reach the next level of management at their firm.

EMBA programs often use a cohort format, in which all the students in a single class begin and end the program together. However, programs can vary greatly in terms of length, location, and graduation requirements. In some programs, EMBA candidates attend classes in the same location throughout the program. Wharton, for instance, offers a 24-month EMBA program at both its Philadelphia and San Francisco campuses, with students attending alternate Friday and Saturday classes, in addition to several extended sessions. Wharton also has a global MBA program, in which students attend synchronous and virtual classes every other weekend, plus eight in-person residencies in Philadelphia, San Francisco, and locations around the globe. In recent years, globally focused EMBA programs have become increasingly popular, with some offering students the opportunity to study in a foreign city. Since the pandemic, many schools have made virtual learning a part of their programs. UCLA, for instance, has a “blended biweekly” EMBA program, in which executive MBA students take courses for their MBA degree both on campus and via Zoom.

The prospect of being able to continue working as an EMBA student is attractive to many EMBA program applicants. Not only can EMBA students maintain their income while attending school, but they can also put what they learn in the classroom immediately into practice, rather than having to wait until they are EMBA graduates.

Comparing EMBA and MBA Curricula

So what is the difference between MBA and EMBA programs in terms of what students learn? The business education one receives is largely very similar, but a lot depends on what the candidate wants to gain from the experience. Many of the applicants to both types of programs did not major in business as undergrads and are therefore looking for the graduate program to provide them with crucial skills in foundational areas, including marketing, finance, operations, and strategy. Many full-time MBA and EMBA programs offer a “core” curriculum that builds students’ business knowledge base through a roster of required courses.

The courses students choose to complement the core curriculum largely depend on the students’ post-MBA goals. Full-time MBA students are more likely to be career changers, so they often take elective courses that will enhance their understanding of topics crucial to their new target role or industry. EMBA students focus on classes meant to deepen their grasp of topics related to their current careers. For example, an EMBA student working in brand management at a consumer products company who hopes to oversee a roster of brands after business school might look into marketing offerings and courses on new technologies at play in the space. A full-time MBA student hoping to move into brand management might take more foundational coursework in this study area. At some schools, such as Wharton, full-time students must declare a major, whereas EMBA students do not. Wharton states that its EMBA students can customize their courses based on their “professional interests and goals.”

As you consider the pros and cons of the two programs, be assured that you will have opportunities to enhance your management and leadership skills no matter which path you take. EMBA candidates who already have management experience might want to take on greater team responsibility and oversight post-MBA, while full-time MBA students might need a few more years to gain management experience. The EMBA student might therefore be more focused on such opportunities, while the full-time MBA student might be more focused on generalized learning.

The Communities at EMBA and MBA Programs

At full-time MBA programs, the experience is often all-encompassing. Much of your time is spent on campus, either taking classes or participating in extracurricular activities related to professional associations and personal interest clubs. You have a constant stream of social events to choose from, including happy hours and volunteering opportunities within the MBA program and wide-ranging opportunities within the city or town in which the MBA program is based. At some schools, students tend to all live in generally the same apartment buildings and socialize together on weekends. The goal of cultivating such a close-knit MBA community is to facilitate the formation of deep connections among students so that they have a strong network once they graduate and reenter the “real world.”

EMBA programs have the same networking goals for their students, but achieving them takes a bit more effort. Since EMBA students are not on campus day in and day out, and most do not live near the school they are attending—let alone in the same building—their bonding opportunities tend to be much more intense. For instance, many students who attend Wharton’s EMBA program on its San Francisco campus stay in the same hotel when they have classes, which makes meeting up with classmates easy, whether that is to work on group projects or simply grab dinner or drinks. And because EMBA students do not have the kind of access to clubs and associations that full-time MBA students do, they must make an independent effort to seek out classmates with similar backgrounds and interests. An advantage that students in EMBA programs enjoy is that they have a greater likelihood of truly getting to know their classmates well, because the executive MBA class size is typically smaller.

Cost Considerations

Attending business school is expensive any way you look at it, but when comparing the costs of these two types of graduate programs, you will quickly learn that EMBA programs tend to be a bit pricier. One reason for this is that EMBA programs run year-round, with no break during the summer months. The total estimated cost for UCLA Anderson’s two-year full-time MBA program is approximately $177,732, whereas the school’s EMBA program costs roughly $192,720. Neither of these figures includes housing, food, transportation, books/course materials, or personal expenses. Also worth noting is that some EMBA students have their business education sponsored by their company. In those cases, the cost pressures are far less for the sponsored candidates.

If you would like to discuss your profile in more detail or receive targeted guidance on your MBA or EMBA plans or application, sign up for a free 30-minute consultation with an experienced mbaMission consultant.
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FROM mbaMission Blog: Oxford Saïd vs. Cambridge Judge: Which MBA Program Is Right for You?
Is attending a modern, innovative, one-year MBA program within a globally renowned historic university of interest to you? Only two business schools uniquely blend cutting-edge innovation with a rich historic backdrop going back more than 800 years, and they are Oxford Saïd Business School and Cambridge Judge Business School.

Whether you are still deciding where to apply to or already have offers in hand, thinking through the similarities and differences between the two programs is helpful.

Oxford vs. Cambridge MBA: Similarities
Reputation and student caliber
First, let us discuss how these two programs are alike. To start, these university brands, whose names are known around the world, both attract strong applicants to their MBA programs. The caliber of students and competitiveness are therefore similar at both programs, in terms of average test scores, academic backgrounds, and work experience.

Length and pace
Another commonality is that they are both one-year MBA programs, which differentiates them from many top U.S. MBA programs and several other European options. Many students who choose Cambridge or Oxford do so in part because they are interested in a fast-moving program—one that requires less time out of the workplace than two-year options and, as a result, involves lower opportunity costs via lost salary.

One common misconception about one-year MBA programs is that students do not have the opportunity to complete an internship. However, students at Cambridge and Oxford actually can, and often do, complete an internship in the final months of their 12-month MBA experience. So, if an internship is an important element of an MBA program for you, be aware that this is still very doable at Oxford and Cambridge.

College system and network
Another important feature that Oxford and Cambridge have in common—and that differentiates them from other top MBA programs—is the “college system,” which is a historic and integrated part of the university experience at “Oxbridge” (as the schools are sometimes collectively nicknamed). But what is this “college system,” and what about it is appealing to MBA students?

Every student at Oxford or Cambridge is enrolled at one of the historic colleges that make up the universities. Oxford has 43 different colleges, and Cambridge has 31, each of which has a unique identity and traditions. Although the business school is where you will take your MBA courses and exams, and connect with your classmates, you will also have a secondary community and support for your day-to-day life through your college.

Each college has its own grounds situated around the university, and behind the college gates, you will find anywhere from ten to 50 acres of college property, which include accommodations, libraries, chapels, gardens, gyms, courtyards, dining halls, and common areas. Your college will offer housing, which can vary from dorm-style options to off-grounds, college-owned houses.

One of the primary benefits of the college system is that your college offers you opportunities to connect with students from different disciplines, outside of the MBA program. You might share a college-owned house with a law student, a PhD in biochemistry, and someone studying for a master’s degree in a foreign language, for example. While the bulk of your time is still spent with your MBA class, these connections, which occur through housing and through college dinners, events, and extracurriculars, provide additional educational enrichment and connections that MBA students say are extremely valuable. In fact, sometimes connecting students from different disciplines, such as those studying sciences and those studying business, results in strong partnerships and successful ventures right out of the program. That cross-disciplinary interaction can be quite valuable for MBA students, particularly those interested in entrepreneurship.

In addition, your college offers academic, professional, and social activities, from tutoring and mentoring to college-specific sports and clubs to career advice. Through your college, you will be invited to attend iconic “formal hall” dinner events, complete with long tables, grand halls, and plenty of fascinating networking. You will see Oxford and Cambridge students, including MBAs, wearing formal gowns for these hall dinners, as well as for graduation and other special events. At Oxford, students even wear these gowns when taking exams! It is all part of the tradition. Other college-hosted events might span natural sciences, humanities, business, and policy; more events and activities will be available than you can possibly attend, but the opportunity to take part in events that are of interest to you is a notable benefit of the college offerings.

The benefits of the college community carry over post-MBA. When you graduate from Oxford or Cambridge, you become part of three different alumni networks: those of the business school, the university, and the college.

Global focus and student diversity
Another key characteristic of both the Oxford and Cambridge MBA programs is international student diversity, complemented by a globally focused curriculum. At Cambridge and Oxford, each MBA class is typically at least 90% international, with no one dominant nationality (which is a notable contrast to top U.S. MBA programs, which might be 30%–40% international, at most). Earning your MBA at one of these schools means that you will likely have as many as 60 nationalities represented within your class across a wide range of sectors, which makes for truly interesting classroom discussions. Both programs also offer enriching global opportunities for project work and international exposure during the MBA.

Campus setting
Finally, both Saïd and Judge are situated in college towns that are approximately one hour from London by train, and students live and socialize within these college towns. Bicycle is the transportation of choice, even among MBA students, so be prepared to get cycling! If you are intrigued by the idea of exploring a historic college town, punting down the river in a flat-bottomed boat, and biking from a class on social enterprise to a historic English pub where James Watson and Francis Crick once discussed the structure of DNA, then one of these programs could be for you!

Oxford vs. Cambridge MBA: Differences
Oxford and Cambridge universities have been rivals for more than 800 years, ever since a few Oxford scholars broke off and established Cambridge in roughly 1208. This rivalry is still evidenced today, extending beyond academics to such events as the annual Oxbridge boat race on the Thames and the MBA Tournament, an annual mini-Olympics for European MBA students. But beyond this historic university rivalry, how does the business school experience differ?

Program and curriculum strengths
Each program exhibits distinct characteristics and its own ethos. Oxford Saïd stands out for its strong focus on social impact, notably through the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship. This center unites students, faculty, and social enterprise practitioners to drive research and impact initiatives. The center’s Impact Lab is a selective program that offers mentoring and workshops for individuals pursuing impact-focused careers. Oxford’s MBA program consistently emphasizes ESG (environmental, social, and governance) frameworks and responsible business, and therefore attracts students seeking purposeful, impact-driven careers.

Cambridge, on the other hand, is renowned for its strengths in technology, science, and entrepreneurship, reflecting the greater university’s extensive history of scientific advancement. Innovation is ingrained in Judge’s culture, with the mandatory Cambridge Venture Project providing hands-on consulting opportunities for students to work with U.K. start-ups. The school’s strength in technology is driven in part by Cambridge’s location in Silicon Fen, Europe’s largest technology cluster. Silicon Fen is a growing ecosystem of technology, healthcare, and life sciences companies that includes more than 5,000 firms, from university-driven start-ups to major players such as AstraZeneca, Apple, Amazon, Arm Holdings, and Oracle. Cambridge’s status as a tech hub has led the city to attracting the highest investment per capita in Europe, which translates into extensive opportunities, connections, and project work for Cambridge students.

Both MBA programs use various teaching methods, from lectures and case studies to group and individual projects. Oxford allows more customization, with eight required courses and ten electives, while Cambridge has sixteen required courses and six electives. Given the limited nature of the one-year MBA program, we recommend directly comparing the schools’ required and elective courses to see which of the programs might better suit your career needs and interests. Oxford tends to offer more electives in areas such as impact investing, ESG, and sustainability, while Cambridge generally offers more electives in venture capital, technology, entrepreneurship, and niche areas (e.g., healthcare, media).

One other curriculum point of comparison: both business schools incorporate practical projects into the program. However, Cambridge stands out for its emphasis on experiential learning, requiring three team-based projects. In contrast, Oxford has shifted to a more flexible approach, offering larger projects as elective choices or “co-curricular involvements” outside of class. Oxford’s popular “Entrepreneurship Project” elective includes business plan development and a final presentation pitch. Meanwhile, Cambridge mandates the Cambridge Venture Project, Concentration Project, and Global Consulting Project (or “GCP”), providing students with hands-on experience in real-world scenarios through collaborations with clients such as Invesco, Nestle, the World Bank, and Google.

Concentration
One difference in the educational experience between Oxford and Cambridge is that Cambridge MBA students specialize in a particular area. Currently, Cambridge offers nine concentrations, including traditional subject areas such as finance and strategy, as well as more niche areas, such as “Creative Industries in the Digital Age,” “Energy and Environment,” and “Health Strategies.” Oxford, alternatively, offers a way to dive deep through its 1+1 MBA dual-degree option, wherein students can simultaneously complete a specialized master’s degree in one of 30 areas (e.g., public policy, sustainability, computer science) over a total of two years at the school.

Class size
Another differentiator between the MBA programs at Oxford and Cambridge is class size. At Cambridge Judge, the MBA class typically ranges from 200 to 225 students, while at Oxford Saïd, class sizes are larger, ranging from 330 to 350 students.

Oxford students say that the benefits of their larger program is that it offers more classmates with whom to connect and a wider alumni network. On the other hand, Cambridge students value the smaller size of their program, which allows them to forge deeper connections with both classmates and professors.

Post-MBA employment trends
In terms of employment outcomes, both Oxford and Cambridge typically send the majority of their business school graduates into consulting, finance, and technology, accounting for approximately 80% of initial post-MBA jobs. The rough breakdown is relatively similar at both programs, with anywhere from 15%–30% going into consulting, 20%–30% going into tech, and a slightly larger 25%–35% going into finance in a typical year. However, differences emerge in the areas of social impact and health care. Oxford sends a higher proportion, often 6%–10%, of its graduates into social impact and public sector roles, versus 5% or less for Cambridge. In healthcare, Cambridge maintains a solid pipeline, with roughly 5%–8% of students entering healthcare roles annually (versus negligible health care numbers at Oxford).

Geographically, 40% to 60% of both schools’ graduates start their post-MBA careers in the United Kingdom, thanks to what is known as the “Graduate visa,” which allows graduates of U.K. degree programs to work for up to two years within the country without any additional sponsorship. About 10% of both classes head to North America, and 5%–10% stay in Europe outside the United Kingdom. For students eyeing Asia, in recent years, approximately 30% of Cambridge’s MBAs enter the region after graduating, versus roughly 20% of Oxford’s.

Overall, Oxford and Cambridge each offer opportunities to gain a world-class MBA education within an extremely globally diverse class, complemented by the backdrop of the college system, a centuries-old university, and an idyllic setting near London.

We hope that between this comparative overview and your supplemental research, you will be able to identify whether one of these programs is the right fit for you!
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FROM mbaMission Blog: GMAT, GRE, or EA for MBA: Which Test Should You Take?
By Jen Kedrowski, MBA Admissions Consultant, mbaMission, and former GMAT/GRE Instructor & Curriculum Manager

If you are planning to apply to MBA programs, you have likely heard about exams such as the GMAT, GRE, and Executive Assessment (EA).

The question is how do you decide which admissions exam to take before applying to business schools?

In this post, we offer insight into the different exam options for applying to MBA programs to help you identify the one you should take to increase your chances of success. Ultimately, you want to choose the exam that is the best fit for you—the one that will most effectively showcase your abilities and add to your applicant profile.

How to Decide Which MBA Admissions Exam to Take (GMAT, GRE, or EA)?
When deciding which exam to take, consider the following action steps:

    Check which exams your target schools require and accept.Review specific exam differences and consider which test is better suited to your strengths and preferences.Take online practice tests to compare and identify the best option for you.
Read on to learn more about exam differences, school preferences, and other important considerations.

But first, do you really need to take an exam to apply to an MBA program?

Whether or not you are a fan of standardized tests, the reality is that the majority of MBA programs require candidates to submit a standardized test score as part of the application process, typically from either the GMAT or the GRE. A smaller number of programs accept EA scores.

Be sure to check the exam requirements for each program you are interested in early in your MBA application process!

A number of U.S. MBA programs have offered test waivers in recent years, but which schools do so vary from one application season to the next, so be sure to contact the programs you are interested in directly to verify whether applying for a test waiver is an option. Test waivers are typically granted on a limited basis, and the admissions committees will need to see solid alternate evidence of quantitative, analytical, and academic strengths before issuing a waiver to a candidate.

For most applicants, however, an exam is required. Business schools use your exam score, in combination with your academic performance as an undergraduate, in predicting your ability to manage the academic rigor of their MBA program. Exam scores alone do not get applicants “in” to specific programs, but scoring well below a school’s average can hold a candidate back and become a roadblock to acceptance. In addition, at schools that are particularly competitive, many applicants will submit strong test scores, so you need to score as high as possible on your test to maximize your chances. (Also, higher scores can open up opportunities for scholarships at some programs!)

How Are the GMAT, GRE, and EA Different?
GMAT, GRE, and EA Comparison Chart

GMATGREEA

Total Length2 hours, 15 minutes2 hours90 minutes

Sections3 sections, 64 questions (Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, Data Insights)5 sections, 55 questions (2 Quantitative Reasoning, 2 Verbal Reasoning, 1 Analytical Writing)3 sections, 40 questions (Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, Integrated Reasoning)

ScoringOverall score: 205–805

Subscores: 60–90 for each sectionQuantitative score: 130–170

Verbal score: 130–170

Writing score: 0–6Overall score: 126–174

Subscores: 0–20 for each section

Quantitative Section Details21 questions, 45 minutes

Question types: Problem-solving

Topics: Number properties, algebra, arithmetic, statistics2 sections (12 questions in 21 minutes and 15 questions in 26 minutes)

Question types: Quantitative comparisons, multiple choice, numeric entry, and data interpretation set14 questions, 30 minutes

Question types: Problem-solving and data sufficiency

Topics: Number properties, algebra, arithmetic, statistics

Verbal Section Details23 questions, 45 minutes

Question types: Reading comprehension and critical reasoning2 sections (12 questions in 18 minutes and 15 questions in 23 minutes)

Question types: Reading comprehension, text completion, and sentence equivalence14 questions, 30 minutes

Question types: Reading comprehension, critical reasoning, and sentence correction

Data Insights or Integrated Reasoning Section Details20 questions, 45 minutes

Question types: Data sufficiency, multi-source reasoning, table analysis, graphics interpretation, and two-part analysisN/A12 questions, 30 minutes

Question types: Multi-source reasoning, table analysis, graphics interpretation, and two-part analysis

Analytical Writing Section DetailsN/A1 question, Analyze an Issue, 30 minutesN/A

Calculator UsageAvailable on-screen for Data Insights section onlyAvailable on-screen for Quantitative sectionAvailable on-screen for Integrated Reasoning section only

Flexibility within SectionsReview and edit up to three questions per section, if time allowsSkip, go back, and review any questions within active sectionLimited ability to review and change answers at specific points within each section

Exam AttemptsFive attempts permitted in a rolling 12-month period; eight attempts in a lifetimeFive attempts permitted in a rolling 12-month period; no lifetime limitFour attempts in a lifetime; two maximum attempts at a test center, and two maximum attempts online

The reality is that the majority of MBA programs require a standardized test as part of the application process, typically either the GMAT or the GRE. A smaller number of programs accept the Executive Assessment (EA) exam.

A number of U.S. MBA programs have begun offering test waivers in recent years, but which schools do so vary from one application season to the next, so be sure to contact the programs you are interested in directly to verify whether applying for a test waiver is an option. Test waivers are typically granted on a limited basis, and the admissions committees will need to see solid alternate evidence of quantitative, analytical, and academic strengths before issuing a waiver to an applicant.

For most applicants, however, an exam is required. Business schools use your exam score, in combination with your academic performance as an undergraduate, in predicting your ability to manage the academic rigor of their MBA program. Exam scores alone do not get applicants “in” to specific programs, but scoring well below a school’s average can hold a candidate back and become a roadblock to acceptance. In addition, at schools that are particularly competitive, many candidates will submit strong test scores, so you need to score as high as possible on your test to maximize your chances.

The GMAT exam is administered by the Graduate Management Admission Council and tests Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Data Insights. The GMAT has an extensive history in the business school world. The exam’s first iteration was established more than 70 years ago.

The GRE exam is administered by ETS and was initially an admissions test for a broad range of graduate school programs. It tests Quantitative Reasoning, Verbal Reasoning, and Analytical Writing. Business schools began accepting the GRE almost two decades ago, and over time, GRE submissions for MBA programs have been steadily increasing.

A third admissions exam, the EA, is accepted by a small but growing number of full-time MBA programs (including Columbia Business School, NYU Stern, UVA Darden, Duke Fuqua, Texas McCombs, and Georgetown McDonough). The EA was created by the same organization that created the GMAT, initially for applicants to executive MBA (EMBA) programs. It tests a similar range of skills as the GMAT, including Quantitative, Verbal Reasoning, and Integrated Reasoning—which involves data interpretation.

With respect to differences in content, be aware of the following:

    The GRE includes vocabulary, geometry, and analytical writing (the GMAT and EA do not).
    The EA includes Sentence Correction (grammar) questions.
    The EA is the shortest of the three exams (by a small margin; see chart in this post).
    Generally, all three exams test a similar range and level of quantitative facts, concepts, and formulas (with the exception of some geometry on the GRE).
    All three are adaptive exams, meaning that the difficulty level adjusts based on your performance while you are in the process of taking the test.
    All three exams also test your time-management and strategic decision-making abilities.
GMAT, GRE, and Executive Assessment (EA) Exam Comparison

SIMILARITIESDIFFERENCES

Adaptive format: Difficulty adjusts to performance; Computer/section adaptiveGMAT: Data analysis and Quant priority

Quantitative range: Tests similar range and level of quantitative concepts; formulasGRE: Includes geometry, vocabulary, and analytical writing; Considered more test-taker friendly for Quant

Key skills: Tests time-management abilities; Strategic decision-making abilitiesEA: Grammar included; Shortest exam

Which Exam Do MBA Programs Prefer?
MBA programs do not have a preference as to which exam you take (as long as it is one that the program accepts, of course).

Many applicants worry that even though a school says it will accept several different exam options, it might prefer one test over another. However, this is simply not true. Programs want you to take the exam that will best showcase your strengths and ability to handle the business school curriculum!

Although the GMAT has a long history of being the primary exam for MBA programs, that does not mean it is “preferred.” And the percentage of MBA applicants who submit GRE scores has continued to increase over the years. At many top programs, 40% or more of candidates submit GRE scores.

Rather than feeling compelled to take the GMAT simply because it has a longer history with business schools, do your research to determine which of the exams is truly the best option for you, your skills, and your test-taking abilities.

Which Exam Is Best Suited for You?
Here are some scenarios when each exam might be particularly suited for certain applicants:

    You might be best suited for the GMAT exam
    • if you consider yourself particularly strong in quantitative reasoning and data analysis, because these are very prevalent across the GMAT.
    • if you are a strong test taker in general and feel confident that you can achieve a GMAT score that could benefit programs with respect to their averages.
    • if you are a non-native English speaker and/or feel the GRE vocabulary or EA grammar questions would be difficult or time intensive for you.
    • if you have taken a GMAT practice test and feel you could excel with this exam!
    You might be best suited for the GRE exam
    • if you consider yourself particularly strong in verbal reasoning and complex vocabulary.
    • if you feel you are not the strongest standardized test taker but prefer GRE questions to EA questions (or your target programs do not accept the EA).
    • if you feel your quantitative and/or data analysis skills are on the weaker side.
    • if you are applying for any specialized master’s degree programs that require the GRE.
    • if you have taken a GRE practice test and feel you could excel with this exam!
    You might be best suited for the EA exam
    • if you are applying to EMBA programs and/or other MBA options that accept the EA.
    • if you consider yourself particularly strong in grammar and data analysis.
    • if you feel you are not the strongest standardized test taker and prefer EA questions to GRE questions.
    • if you prefer the shortest possible exam length available.
    • if you have taken an EA practice test and feel you could excel with this exam!
What if you are not a strong test taker? Should that influence your test choice?

Business schools have generally maintained consistent GMAT averages over time and strive to ensure that those averages do not decrease by much from one season to the next. GRE averages tend to vary more widely, and Quant and Verbal subscores are still looked at separately by the admissions committees. In addition, the percentage of candidates who submit a GRE score has historically been smaller than the percentage who submit GMAT scores at most programs.

Given all of these factors, until recently, at least, some schools were able to be slightly more flexible in accepting applicants with below-average GRE (or EA) scores—but not below-average GMAT scores—if the rest of their profile was strong.

According to Jeremy Shinewald, founder/president of mbaMission,

“Schools are protective over their GMAT averages. If you are naturally a strong-test taker and can see yourself lifting a program’s average, you might want to take the GMAT. If you’re not a natural test taker, you might want to pursue the GRE. That doesn’t mean that business schools will accept any old GRE score, though; test takers should still seek to perform at or near the school averages.”

So you might want to consider taking the GRE or EA if you struggle to achieve a score that is near your target school’s GMAT average. However, what is most important is to take a practice test to compare your options and see which exam you perform best on.

Why Taking Practice Tests Is Important When Choosing an MBA Admissions Exam
Taking a practice test before you choose your exam helps you in two key ways:

1) You get to experience that particular exam to see how you feel about the experience, structure, and question types, and to determine whether you prefer it to any of the other exams.

2) You receive a very rough diagnostic test score. Although this score might not necessarily reflect what your final score will be after preparing, it will allow you to compare your performance on different exams, thereby providing some insight into which test you might have the most potential with.

Here are some links to get you started:

Try a free online practice GMAT exam.

Try free online practice EA questions. (Note: You will need to pay a fee to access a full-length practice EA exam.)

If you have taken several practice exams and still are not sure which one to focus on—or if you would like additional advice on test preparation—feel free to reach out for a free 30-minute consultation with one of our MBA admissions experts. We offer these complimentary advice consultations on a weekly basis across multiple time zones.

Other Frequently Asked Questions
How should you prepare for the exam?
Most candidates prepare for their chosen exam for two to six months. Taking a targeted prep course and/or working with a tutor can further strengthen your quantitative and verbal foundations and maximize your score.

How long before you apply should you aim to finish my exam?
Exam scores are valid for five years, so as soon as you know that you might apply in the coming years, you can strategically identify an ideal tow- to six-month time frame in which to practice, prepare for, and take your exam, including retaking, if needed. (And yes, most applicants are in the same situation of preparing for their exam part time while working full time!) You can complete your exam process up until the school deadlines; however, we strongly recommend doing so earlier. You will allow yourself much more time to dedicate to application work if you have completed your exam three to six months or more prior to your deadlines.

Should you take the same exam multiple times?
Retaking an exam will not negatively affect your chances of admission, because business schools will consider your highest score in their evaluation of your candidacy. We therefore recommend considering a retake if you feel you could improve your score and/or you are below your desired target for your intended business school(s).

Should you take multiple different exams?
Some applicants take more than one of the three admissions tests (if accepted by their target programs). Why might you choose this approach? A large proportion of the preparation you do for any one exam will carry over and apply to the other exams as well. If you struggle to reach or surpass the score averages at your target programs after several attempts, you might want to consider trying a different exam, even before devoting extensive prep to it, just to see whether you might perform better on it instead.

What qualifies as a “good” GMAT/GRE/EA score?
Two key considerations determine a “good” test score. These are the (1) percentiles and (2) average scores at your target school(s).

Do your research on both to get a sense of how your score would compare. Feel free to reach out to us with questions about your scores and candidacy anytime.

Final Thoughts: Choosing the Right Test for Your MBA Application Goals
In summary, taking an admissions exam, whether the GMAT, GRE, or EA, is an important part of the MBA application process. The further ahead you plan, the more opportunity you will have to prepare for and complete your chosen test before needing to dedicate time to your MBA essays and applications as you get closer to deadlines.

Any of the three exams can lead to successful outcomes. Remember to check your school requirements, review information about the different exams, and take practice tests to make an informed, strategic decision on the best test for you!

Want to discuss your testing situation one-on-one?

Our expert admissions consultants can answer any questions you might have. Sign up for a complimentary 30-minute consultation today.
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FROM mbaMission Blog: Essential Reading from mbaMission’s Career Coaches: July 2026
Whether you are getting ready for business school, looking to change jobs, or wanting to excel in your current role, we think you will appreciate these recent career-related articles that caught our attention.

“‘Brutal’: A Growing Tribe of Jobless Techies Is Lost in Silicon Valley’s New Reality”– Los Angeles Times

This article highlights the ongoing impact of layoffs across Silicon Valley while offering practical insights for navigating today’s challenging job market. With hiring processes taking longer than ever, job seekers must remain persistent and patient to ultimately be successful. The piece emphasizes the importance of continuous skill development and of clearly communicating how your experience addresses a hiring manager’s specific needs. (Read time: three to four minutes)

The Fastest Way to Land A Job in 2026” – Forbes

Amid constant discussion about AI’s role in the job search process, many candidates become overly focused on trying to outsmart applicant tracking systems. This article argues that the fundamentals still matter most: demonstrating measurable value and results. It provides actionable advice for showcasing your impact on your resume, in your LinkedIn profile, and during interviews. (Read time: three to four minutes)

How People Are Really Using AI in 2026” – Harvard Business Review

As employers increasingly ask candidates how they use AI in both their professional and personal lives, understanding real-world adoption trends is becoming essential. In a longitudinal study, Marc Zao-Sanders and Sara Biuk analyzed more than 12,000 AI use cases, uncovering both productivity gains and growing concerns about overreliance on these tools. (Read time: four to five minutes)

LinkedIn Top Companies 2026: The 50 Best Employers to Grow Your Career in the U.S.” – LinkedIn News

For the past decade, LinkedIn has published annual rankings of top employers. Beyond identifying leading companies, this resource offers valuable insights into employee experiences, links to open positions, and visibility into connections within your network who work at these organizations. While most featured employers are large companies, LinkedIn plans to release its annual list of top start-ups later this summer. Follow the Get Hired newsletter to get access. (Read time: one to three minutes)

2026’s Most Critical Career Skill: Managing Up” – Forbes

Managing up is about far more than maintaining a strong relationship with your manager. It involves understanding leadership priorities, communicating your contributions, and shaping how key stakeholders perceive your value. These skills can increase your visibility for promotions, stretch assignments, and opportunities tied to business-critical initiatives. The conversations that build these relationships also showcase capabilities, such as communicating in real time, thinking on your feet, and reading the room, which are skills that AI cannot replicate. (Read time: three to four minutes)

mbaMission’s Career Coaches are happy to explore with you any career-related topics—including selecting potential paths, crafting your professional narrative, and maximizing the effectiveness of your job search—during a complimentary, 30-minute career consultation.
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FROM mbaMission Blog: MBA Admissions Myths Destroyed: If I Don’t Get Accepted in R1, I’ll Just Apply in R2!
As you enter application season, what kind of strategy do you have in mind? More than a few candidates, having likely read about the supposed advantages of applying in Round 1 on various Web sites and discussion boards, plan to submit all their applications in that first round—with the idea that if no acceptances are forthcoming, they will just submit another set of applications in Round 2. If this is your plan, we would like to explain why it is probably not your best course of action.

Most Round 1 deadlines are in October, and even though often applicants may receive a kind of “progress report” in the form of an interview invitation in November, this is no guarantee of eventual acceptance. Ultimately, then, applicants will not know for sure whether they have won a spot at any of their target schools until mid- to late December. So let us imagine the worst-case scenario: you submit all your applications in Round 1 but are not accepted at any of your target schools. Now, feeling discouraged and unsure of your application strategy—not to mention dealing with the hustle and bustle of the holidays—you must quickly research and select new schools, rethink your approach, and crank out still more applications in the space of just a few weeks to be able to submit in Round 2—to schools that you may not even be that enthusiastic about. And do not forget that you will also need to pressure your recommenders during this busy time of year to produce more documents on your behalf on a very tight deadline! Are you rethinking your strategy yet?

We recommend that instead, you change your mind-set from “If I don’t get accepted in R1, I will apply in R2” to “I am applying to some schools in R1 and some in R2, and hopefully I won’t have to finish my R2 applications.” With luck, you will not need to complete the applications you have slated for Round 2. But if you plan ahead, do not overload yourself with too many applications in the first round, and work steadily on your applications over several months, you will be in a much better place both mentally and with your required workload should you have to move ahead with your Round 2 submissions. And if, in the end, you get accepted early or receive multiple offers of admissions from your first-round applications, you will have lost nothing more than a little time!
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FROM mbaMission Blog: Presenting Realistic MBA Goals in a Down Economy
We believe that asking MBA candidates about their goals is plainly absurd, because so many students change their goals while they are in school. Further, an MBA supposed to be about career development and exploration, right? Regardless of how we feel on the subject, though, during a time when the economy is down and many firms are cutting back on their MBA hiring, you must ensure that (if a school asks via its essay questions or an interview) you have a compelling story about where you believe your MBA will take you.

Two years ago, getting a banking job might have sounded compelling to you. But are you really capable of making that transition today? Venture capital and private equity jobs are challenging to land even during the best of times; are you able to compete with the elite in this space during a downturn? Real estate hiring might finally be picking up, but are you prepared to wait while recruiting continues to be slow to ramp up? What will you do in the meantime to stay competitive?

These are just a few examples of questions you should honestly ask yourself. Keep in mind that in addition to examining your story to determine whether you could add something unique to the class, MBA admissions committees might send your profile to the career services office to help confirm whether your stated goals are realistic and you will not be difficult to place by, or soon after, graduation (i.e., you will not pull down the school’s employment stats and negatively affect its standing in the rankings as a result). So, pay special attention to your goal statements, and make sure that you can credibly stand behind them. And, as we have written in the past, being prepared to discuss some alternate goals is also a good idea.
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