The Non-Proliferation Treaty requires that a nation
prevents the spread of nuclear weapons,
promotes the practice of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and
furthers the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.
The correct idiom is - "X requires Y to do".
A. that a nation prevents the spread of nuclear weapons, promotes the practice of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and furthers
The meaning of this sentence implies that a nation should do all the 3 actions, which have already been committed. Whereas, the intended meaning is - the treaty requires that a nation should take adequate actions to ensure the above three things in bold.
B. from a nation that the nation should prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote the practice of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and further
Incorrect. 'that' is misplaced and should come after requires.
C. a nation to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, to promote the practice of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further
Correct usage of idiom - "X requires Y to do"
D. that a nation should prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, the practice of peaceful uses of nuclear energy should be promoted, and that it should further
Incorrect - parallelism implies the nation should prevent the practice of peaceful uses ...
Also, parallelism error.
E. a nation to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, promote the practice of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further
Incorrect - parallelism error - non usage of infinitive verb in 2nd action
Answer C