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07 Jun 2020, 10:26
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JonShukhrat
I feel like I might not be understanding the question you're asking, but if I read the sentence "The personal income tax did not become permanent in the United States until the First World War; before that time the film industry was dependent on tariffs," I would interpret that to mean "the film industry depended on tariffs before the War, and after the War it did not, because of the introduction of personal income tax." I'm not sure how personal income tax would have helped the film industry, so that sentence doesn't seem very meaningful to me, but grammatically it's fine, and in theory it could be logical (if the government channeled tax revenue to the industry, say).
I'm not sure if that answers your question though.
Dear GMATGuruNY VeritasPrepHailey IanStewart AjiteshArun MartyTargetTestPrep GMATNinja,
The personal income tax did not become permanent in the United States until the First World War; before that time the federal governmenthad depended on tariffs as its main source of revenue.
If I switched from past perfect to simple past, would it be correct?
I have this doubt since I see a split between past perfect and simple past among choices. Not sure if that split can be used to solve this problem.
The personal income tax did not become permanent in the United States until the First World War; before that time the federal government
If I switched from past perfect to simple past, would it be correct?
I have this doubt since I see a split between past perfect and simple past among choices. Not sure if that split can be used to solve this problem.
08 Jun 2020, 08:04
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IanStewart
Dear IanStewart
I. I’m sorry for not articulating my question. Your answer definitely helped. However, I didn’t get the part I highlighted above. For example, if I say:
1. Before John became a painter, he studied music.
2. Before John became a painter, he HAD studied music.
Here, the first merely states which action started first, but doesn’t clarify whether John stopped studying music before becoming a painter. He may have very well continued to study music even after becoming a painter. i.e, he could do both since these actions are not mutually exclusive. The second, in contrast, tells that John STOPPED studying music before becoming a painter. Is my understanding correct? (Question 1)
II. Similarly, if I say:
1. The personal income tax did not become permanent in the United States until the First World War; before that time the film industry WAS dependent on tariffs.
2. The personal income tax did not become permanent in the United States until the First World War; before that time the film industry HAD been dependent on tariffs.
Isn’t the same true here (Question 2)? The first doesn’t clarify whether the film industry stopped being dependent. Such sentence can be written to merely tell that the industry was dependent on tariffs well before the tax enactment. Alternatively, it may mean that the tariffs and the tax gave the same amount of support so that the industry was dependent on both, and didn’t stop being dependent on tariffs anyway.
On the contrary the second tells that the industry STOPPED being dependent on tariffs.
III. Doesn’t the correct answer use the Past Perfect tense for the same reason – to convey that the government STOPPED depending on tariffs as its main source of revenue? (Question 3) Otherwise, the Simple Past tense could mean that the government didn’t stop depending, and probably there were two main sources that gave equal percents of the revenue.
I couldn’t resist the temptation to ask all the three questions. Thank you very much for your patience.
