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A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions,

Verb is missing for "Two modes "

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead are

Use of "Instead" is redundant

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are
Correct -
Semicolon separates two Independent clauses; Adverb "Instead" plays it's role


D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are
Pronoun number mismatch i.e Mudskippers and Organism's do not align

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are[/quote]
VerbIng Modifier is not appropriate

C is the Answer IMO
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The two modes of respiration used by a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, used simultaneously and in all stages of its life.

Non underlined sentence has "in all stages of its life" --> it has antecedent off mudskipper --> option D and E out


A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, --> The two modes used something... incorrect meaning; it is passiv sentence --> The two modes are used simultaneously

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead are --> rather than and instead are redundant

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are --> correct

D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are --> pronoun error

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are --> pronoun error
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My answer is (C). It took me 01:34.

(A) Not a sentence because it does not contain a main verb. Its subject should be "The two modes"; its main verb should be "are used", but "are" is missing.

(B) (1) "rather than" and "instead" are redundant. (2) The current construct does not contrast two verbs in a parallel position. Two commas set aside "Rather than ..." as an aside, which can be removed. If we did remove "Rather than...", however, the "instead" would feel out of place.

(C) Clear and straightforward.

(D) "organism" (singular) does not match "mudskippers" (plural)

(E) (1) See above (2) The use of present particle phrase is not appropriate.

In Option B, if instead is removed, then it is correct. Is it? Thanks!
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A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, Incorrect
-> No verb is here. 'The two modes of respiration.....used(modifier) simultaneously and in all stages of its life.'

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead areIncorrect
-> Double contrast. Using rather and instead simultaneously makes the sentence redundant.

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are Correct
-> A mudskipper...it's life (Pronoun is okay)
-> Meaning is okay, as the contrast is properly presented there.

D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, areIncorrect
-> Check the non underlined portion ' ... in all stages of its(singular) life'. We can infer that it should be a mudskipper, not plural mudskippers

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, areIncorrect
-> Same error as in D
-> Contrast is missing
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Let us analyze the original sentence:
The two modes of respiration
----used by a mudskipper,
instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, ----used simultaneously and in all stages of its life.
- here first "used" is acting as verb-ed modifier
- sentence is convoluted and having meaning error
- The two modes of respiration - does not appears to have "verb"


A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, - error as highlighted above

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead are - Meaning and redundancy error

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are
- the sentence contains two independent clause (IC) connected by semicolon
- both IC have proper SV pairs
- Sentence is conveying the clear meaning - CORRECT


D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are
- "rather than get activated at ........" is not properly conveying the meaning
- use of "its" in nonunderlined portion - pronoun antecedent error

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are
- it is not clear or conveying concise meaning, which entity "not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions," is modifying
- use of "its" in nonunderlined portion - pronoun antecedent error
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The two modes of respiration used by a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, used simultaneously and in all stages of its life.

A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, -> we have a verb missing. Incorrect.

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead are -> rather than....instead are redundant. Incorrect.

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are -> Semicolon means sentence is completed and a new sentence is started. They are...correct. Let's keep it.

D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are -> In non-underlined part, its should refer singular incident, but we have mudskippers (plural) antecedent.

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are -> Same as D.

So, I think C. :)
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IMO C

The two modes of respiration used by a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, used simultaneously and in all stages of its life.


A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions,

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead are

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are

D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are
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The two modes of respiration used by a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, used simultaneously and in all stages of its life.


A) a mudskipper, instead of getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, Incorrect

The two modes of respiration used by a mudskipper used simultaneously... - sounds awkward because of double uses of used

B) a mudskipper, rather than getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, instead are Incorrect

instead can be replaced by rather than and main sentence and modifier contain same word

C) a mudskipper do not get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions; instead, they are Correct

D) mudskippers, rather than get activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, are Incorrect

in non underlined portion - its singular and refers to a mudskipper, so plural mudskippers wrong

E) mudskippers, not getting activated at different stages of the organism’s life cycle or under particular environmental conditions, areIncorrect

same as D
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