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Bunuel
According to the laws of this nation, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, although this is less in some countries and more in others.

A. although this is less in some countries and more in others
B. but this age is lower in some countries; higher in others
C. although in some countries, it is lower and in others it is higher
D. although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others
E. but the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others


SC83751.01
OG2020 NEW QUESTION

The word 'although' implies that the second part of the sentence should somehow contradict the logic of the first part (e.g. ...minors until eighteen, even though they can drink from sixteen).
Thus the usage in (A), (C) and (D) is wrong and all are eliminated.
(B) is wrong as the semicolon makes no sense (Which independent clauses are separated? Why use a semicolon at all?).

(E) is correct.
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Damn, how did you get the 2020 questions so quick?!

According to the laws of this nation, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, although this is less in some countries and more in others.

A. although this is less in some countries and more in others
B. but this age is lower in some countries; higher in others <--not sure why "higher in others" is separated from what this is intending to modify
C. although in some countries, it is lower and in others it is higher
D. although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others
E. but the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others
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According to the laws of this nation, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, although this is less in some countries and more in others.

A. although this is less in some countries and more in others- pronoun issue- this needs to followed by a noun
B. but this age is lower in some countries; higher in others- pronoun issue 'this age' illogically refers to the age of eighteen, usage of semicolon is incorrect
C. although in some countries, it is lower and in others it is higher- pronoun issue 'it'
D. although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others - pronoun issue 'it'
E. but the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others- Correct

Answer E
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Lower & Higher are comparative adjectives. Don't we need "than" ? I did not select E, because it doesn't have "than"
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Hi Shweta, you are absolutely correct about the requirement of than, except that than is implied here.

So, it's like this:

James earns $100k, while Michelle earns lesser.

This is equivalent to:

James earns $100k, while Michelle earns lesser (than James).

I believe you chose D. The big issue with D is the incorrect use of it (it is not referring to anything, a big no-no on GMAT)
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If we look at the distinction between ‘although’ and ‘but’ we can get ahead of this question.

The intent here is to show contrast – to juxtapose two different laws.

‘Although’ works when something that follows resolves an earlier statement.

‘But’ helps to show contrast and is more fitting here since there is no contradiction given.

Let’s look at the options:

A. although this is less in some countries and more in others

B. but this age is lower in some countries; higher in others

C. although in some countries, it is lower and in others it is higher

D. although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others

E. but the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others

Eliminate Options A, B, C and D.


Option B is the best choice.

Hope this helps!
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AjiteshArun GMATNinja chetan2u

I totally agree with answer choice E, it is the best of the given options, but just out of curiosity, I am kinda thinking about option C. I know that although in option C makes much less sense than but in option E does, but I am interested in the pronouns “it” and “that” in option C. .. Can’t “it”refer back to “age” and “that” refer back to the number “18”. All the explanations above state that “it” refers back to “age of eighteen” ie “age” along with its modifier/prepositional phrase “of eighteen”. Is this some kind of preference/ rule that the pronoun will refer back to entire “noun+prepositional phrase” and not just the noun?

Looking forward to hearing from you

Regards,

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INSEADIESE
AjiteshArun GMATNinja chetan2u

I totally agree with answer choice E, it is the best of the given options, but just out of curiosity, I am kinda thinking about option C. I know that although in option C makes much less sense than but in option E does, but I am interested in the pronouns “it” and “that” in option C. .. Can’t “it”refer back to “age” and “that” refer back to the number “18”. All the explanations above state that “it” refers back to “age of eighteen” ie “age” along with its modifier/prepositional phrase “of eighteen”. Is this some kind of preference/ rule that the pronoun will refer back to entire “noun+prepositional phrase” and not just the noun?

Looking forward to hearing from you

Regards,
Hi INSEADIESE,

I don't think that we can use an it to refer to eighteen here. Just to be clear, I am not aware of any rule that says we can't, but the way eighteen is used here is slightly different from the way you may be looking at it. Eighteen is often used to refer to the number {18}, but that is not the case in age of eighteen. That is, "the age of eighteen" is not "the age of {the number eighteen}".

Again, this is not based on any rule, and I may be completely wrong here.
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According to the laws of this nation, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, although this is less in some countries and more in others.

A. although this is less in some countries and more in others
B. but this age is lower in some countries; higher in others
C. although in some countries, it is lower and in others it is higher
D. although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others
E. but the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others

Let’s jump to find out the right option out of wrong options
A. If this is considered as age , then age can’t be measured as less or more. Less or more can be used to measure any quantity
B. Semicolon is irrelevant here. There is no meaning for that independent clause - higher in others
C. There is no comma before ‘and ‘ . In others it is higher - Seems awkward
D. Again same error as in A
E. The relevant age- no ambiguity. Lower and higher- correct measurements for age.
So, E is right answer

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Hello Experts,
VeritasKarishma GMATNinja

1) Is Age countable or uncountable?
I thought less is correct instead of lower.
Can you explain why lower or higher is correct in this sentence? Can we use lower or higher without than?

2) I think although and but both are correct. Is my understanding correct?

3)Why D is incorrect? Why "it" can't refer to age?
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Sneha2021
Hello Experts,
VeritasKarishma GMATNinja

1) Is Age countable or uncountable?
I thought less is correct instead of lower.
Can you explain why lower or higher is correct in this sentence? Can we use lower or higher without than?

2) I think although and but both are correct. Is my understanding correct?

3)Why D is incorrect? Why "it" can't refer to age?

Hello Sneha2021,

We hope this find this well.

Having gone through the question and your queries, we believe we can resolve your doubts.

1) Age is uncountable, and for this reason "lower" is correct. Both "lower" and "higher" can be used without "than", if they are not being used to compare elements.

2) "although" and "but" both show contrast, but convey slightly different meanings. "although" carries the connotation of "despite the fact that", while "but" does not.

3) D is mainly incorrect due to the use of "although" for the reason mentioned above.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Sneha2021
Hello Experts,
VeritasKarishma GMATNinja

1) Is Age countable or uncountable?
I thought less is correct instead of lower.
Can you explain why lower or higher is correct in this sentence? Can we use lower or higher without than?

2) I think although and but both are correct. Is my understanding correct?

3)Why D is incorrect? Why "it" can't refer to age?
1) Age isn't countable, but this decision point isn't about that. (If you were choosing between, say, "less" and "fewer," you'd worry about countability.) And there's no rule forbidding the use of "lower" or "higher" without "than."

For instance:

    "While inflation was low last higher, experts predict that it will be higher next year."

Notice that "than" isn't used, but that's fine. We have a perfectly logical comparison, and that's what we care about.

2) I wouldn't be comfortable using "but" vs "although" as a decision point -- the distinction is too subtle.

3) (D) is illogical. Take another look:

Quote:
According to the laws of this nation, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others.
The pronouns "it" and "that" both seem to refer to "the age of eighteen." But that's nonsense. How could the age of 18 be less in one country than the age of 18 in another? Because this option is illogical, you can toss it.

I hope that helps!
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Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
Bunuel
According to the laws of this nation, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, although this is less in some countries and more in others.

A. although this is less in some countries and more in others
B. but this age is lower in some countries; higher in others
C. although in some countries, it is lower and in others it is higher
D. although it is less than that in some countries and more than that in others
E. but the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others


Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of this sentence is that in this country, individuals are minors until they reach the age of eighteen, but the age until which individuals remain minors is lower in some countries and higher in others.

Concepts tested here: Meaning + Pronouns + Grammatical Construction

• If a list contains only two elements, they must be joined by a conjunction.

A:
1/ This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the clause "this is less in some countries and more in others"; the construction of this clause illogically implies that the age of eighteen is lower in some countries and higher in others; the intended meaning is that the age until which individuals remain minors is lower in some countries and higher in others.

B:
1/ This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase "this age"; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that the age of eighteen is lower in some countries and higher in others; the intended meaning is that the age until which individuals remain minors is lower in some countries and higher in others.
2/ Option B incorrectly uses a semicolon to join two elements in a list - the adjective phrases "lower in some countries" and "higher in others"; remember, if a list contains only two elements, they must be joined by a conjunction.

C:
1/ This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the clause "it is lower and in others, it is higher"; the construction of this clause illogically implies that the age of eighteen is lower in some countries and higher in others; the intended meaning is that the age until which individuals remain minors is lower in some countries and higher in others.

D:
1/ This answer choice suffers from a pronoun error, as the pronoun "it" lacks a clear and logical reference.

E: Correct.
1/ This answer choice uses the clause "the relevant age is lower in some countries and higher in others"; the construction of this clause conveys the intended meaning - that the age until which individuals remain minors is lower in some countries and higher in others.
2/ Option E avoids the pronoun error seen in Option D, as it uses the noun phrase "the relevant age" in place of the pronoun "it".
3/ Option E correctly uses conjunction ("and" in this sentence) to join two elements in a list - the adjective phrases "lower in some countries" and "higher in others".

Hence, E is the best answer choice.

All the best!
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