Chembeti
When one thousand entering college freshmen were recently surveyed about their political beliefs, 20 percent scored in the middle range representing political neutrality. When this smaller subgroup was surveyed again in their parents' homes during their first vacation, 60 percent scored on the conservative side of the scale. However, when the students were sophomores, a third survey revealed that 75 percent of this same subgroup scored on the liberal side of the scale. It was concluded that the political beliefs of college students tend to reflect their environment.
Which of the following, if true, would tend to support this conclusion?
- 1000 entering freshmen were surveyed. 20% were found to be neutral. They were again surveyed during first vacation at home and 60% were conservative.
(The environment isn't much different in the two surveys. Since they are entering freshmen, their views will reflect views at home)
- In sophomore year, 75% scored on liberal side.
Conclusion: the political beliefs of college students tend to reflect their environment.
Here is the problem with this - We are not given that views at home are conservative. Once we know that, we can say with more certainty that environment has a role to play. For example, what if the students come from liberal homes? Then at home, their views are conservative which goes against our conclusion. So answer is (B)
A. Freshmen are less inhibited at school than they are at home and so tend to answer questions more truthfully at school.
Does not help our case either way.
B. Most members of the subgroup came from homes that were politically conservative.
Is the correct answer.
C. Freshmen tend to develop new interests and objectives after their first year at college.
This statement does seem to make sense but does it strengthen our conclusion? It is too vague to have any impact on "political beliefs tend to reflect environment". New interests and objectives may not have any political angle and may not lead to any change in political beliefs.
D. Most of the freshmen who were rated as politically neutral did not perceive themselves to be neutral.
The perception of people about themselves is irrelevant.
E. Most members of the original survey group scored on the politically conservative end of the spectrum.
We know that 60% scored on the conservative end at home. Since entering freshmen are expected to have similar outlook that they did during the first holidays, this option doesn't seem to be adding any value. From the argument, we would anyway expect that of the 80% who are not neutral, most would be conservative.