Let’s understand the passage first.• The passage talks about a painting that has been recently discovered.
• The author is unsure about who painted the painting out of the two seventeenth-century artists (Johannes Drechen from Nothern Germany, and Louis Brielle from France).
• We have been given one additional piece of information about Louis Birelle; he/she sometimes painted in the same style as Drechen.
Inference: Since the painting style of both artists was similar sometimes, it is unclear as to who was the artist of the painting.
• The carved picture frame was analyzed.
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Fact 1: Furthermore, the carved picture frame was identified as the original frame for the 17th-century painting.
Inference: The carved picture frame was not changed or replaced.
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Fact 2: The result of the analysis showed that the wood used in making the carved frame was found widely in northern Germany in the 17th century.
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Fact 3: This wood used for making the carved frame was rare in the part of France where Birelle lived.
• The author concludes that based on the findings from the analysis, the painting was a work of Drechen.
Author’s logic:(i) The wood used in the carved frame was found in Northern Germany.
(ii) Johannes Drechen was from northern Germany.
(iii) This type of wood was rare in the part of France where Birelle lived.
Pre-thinkingFalsification ConditionIn what scenario – is the 17th – century painting
NOT the work of Drechen, but of Birelle.
Given that:
(i) Birelle sometimes painted in the same style as Drechen.
(ii) The painting’s frame was established to the original frame from the 17th- century.
(iii) The wood used to make the frame was abundant in Northern Germany.
(iv) The wood used to make the frame was rarely found in the part of France, where Birelle lived.
Thought Process The author is unsure about who out of Birelle and Drenchen is the artist of a 17- century painting, which was recently discovered. The author is unsure because Birelle sometimes painted in the same style as Drechen. However, analysis of the carved frame showed it the original 17- century frame. Thus, the author concludes that the painting was the work of Drechen because the type of wood used in making the carved frame was abundant in Nothern Germany (where Drechen lived). And Birelle could not have been the artist because that type of wood was rare where Birelle lived.
Falsification condition 1: What if the wood used to carve the picture frame was not local to the region of the artist.
• If the wood used to carve the picture frame was not local to the region of the artist, then it can be the case that the artist acquired the wood from some other place.
If Birelle had acquired the wood from Northern Germany or any other part of France where the wood was not rare, he could have been the artist of the 17th-century painting. This would break the author’s conclusion.
Assumption 1 (Negated Falsification Scenario): The wood used to carve the picture frame was local to the region of the artist.
Falsification condition 2: What if the painting was made in a region and the frame was made in a different region.
• In this case, we can say that the frame was made in Northern Germany (using the type of wood abundant there) but the painting was made in France, essentially establishing that Birelle could have likely been the artist. This would also break the author’s conclusion.
Assumption 2: The painting was made and framed in the same region where the artist lived.
Now let's analyze the answer choices.(A) The frame was made from wood local to the region where the picture was painted.
CORRECT•
This choice is in line with our pre-thought assumption 2; therefore, this option is the correct choice.(B) Drechen is unlikely to have ever visited the home region of Birelle in France.
INCORRECT• Let us explore the possibility of this choice.
• Even if Drenchen had visited the home region of Birelle in France, it could have been the case that Drechen had made the painting in the region, of France where Birelle lived. The carved frame could have been added later in Northern Germany, or Drechen could have possessed the particular type of wood with him while he had visited Birelle in France. This option is ambiguous, and there cannot be the correct assumption.
(C) Sometimes a painting so resembles others of its era that no expert is able to confidently decide who painted it.
INCORRECT• This option talks about the resemblance of a painting with other paintings from the same era. It provides a possible reason as to why it was difficult to determine the original artist. This information is already given in the passage, and it is clearly not the basis of the author’s conclusion.
(D) The painter of the picture chose the frame for the picture.
INCORRECT• Is this necessary for the conclusion to hold true? No, because even if someone else chooses the frame, it does not help in determining who the painter was. This information is irrelevant.
(E) The carving style of the picture frame is not typical of any specific region of Europe.
INCORRECT• The carving style of the picture frame is completely irrelevant. The passage is about the availability of wood in two different regions to ascertain the artist of the painting.
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