The law-and-literature movement claims to have introduced a valuable p

Question

New Project RC Butler 2019  -  Practice 2 RC Passages Everyday   
Passage # 142, Date : 12-APR-2019
 This post is a part of New Project RC Butler 2019 .  Click here for Details

The law-and-literature movement claims to have introduced a valuable pedagogical innovation into legal study: instructing students in techniques of literary analysis for the purpose of interpreting laws and in the reciprocal use of legal analysis for the purpose of interpreting literary texts. The results, according to advocates, are not only conceptual breakthroughs in both law and literature but also more sensitive and humane lawyers. Whatever the truth of this last claim, there can be no doubt that the movement is a success: law-and-literature is an accepted subject in law journals and in leading law schools. Indeed, one indication of the movement’s strength is the fact that its most distinguished critic, Richard A. Posner, paradoxically ends up expressing qualified support for the movement in a recent study in which he systematically refutes the writings of its leading legal scholars and cooperating literary critics.

Critiquing the movement’s assumption that lawyers can offer special insights into literature that deals with legal matters, Posner points out that writers of literature use the law loosely to convey a particular idea or as a metaphor for the workings of the society envisioned in their fiction. Legal questions per se, about which a lawyer might instruct readers, are seldom at issue in literature. This is why practitioners of law-and-literature end up discussing the law itself far less than one might suppose. Movement leader James White, for example, in his discussion of arguments in the Iliad, barely touches on law, and then so generally as to render himself vulnerable to Posner’s devastating remark that “any argument can be analogized to a legal dispute.”

Similarly, the notion that literary criticism can be helpful in interpreting law is problematic. Posner argues that literary criticism in general aims at exploring richness and variety of meaning in texts, whereas legal interpretation aims at discovering a single meaning. A literary approach can thus only confuse the task of interpreting the law, especially if one adopts current fashions like deconstruction, which holds that all texts are inherently uninterpretable.

Nevertheless, Posner writes that law-and-literature is a field with “promise”. Why? Perhaps, recognizing the success of a movement that, in the past, has singled him out for abuse, he is attempting to appease his detractors, paying obeisance to the movements institutional success by declaring that it “deserves a place in legal research” while leaving it to others to draw the conclusion from his cogent analysis that it is an entirely factitious undertaking, deserving of no intellectual respect whatsoever. As a result, his work stands both as a rebuttal of law-and-literature and as a tribute to the power it has come to exercise in academic circles.   1 
1.   The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) assess the law-and-literature movement by examining the position of one of its most prominent critics
(B) assert that a mutually beneficial relationship exists between the study of law and the study of literature
(C) provide examples of the law-and-literature movement in practice by discussing the work of its proponents
(D) dismiss a prominent critics recent study of the law-and-literature movement
(E) describe the role played by literary scholars in providing a broader context for legal issues
 2 
2.   Posner’s stated position with regard to the law-and-literature movement is most analogous to which one of the following?

(A) a musician who is trained in the classics but frequently plays modern music while performing on stage
(B) a partisan who transfers allegiance to a new political party that demonstrates more promise but has fewer documented accomplishments
(C) a sports fan who wholeheartedly supports the team most likely to win rather than his or her personal favorite
(D) an ideologue who remains committed to his or her own view of a subject in spite of compelling evidence to the contrary
(E) a salesperson who describes the faults in a fashionable product while conceding that it may have some value
 3 
3.   The passage suggests that Posner regards legal practitioners as using an approach to interpreting law that

(A) eschews discovery of multiple meanings
(B) employs techniques like deconstruction
(C) interprets laws in light of varying community standards
(D) is informed by the positions of literary critics
(E) de-emphasizes the social relevance of the legal tradition
 4 
4.   The Passage suggests that Posner might find legal training useful in the interpretation of a literary text in which

(A) a legal dispute symbolizes the relationship between two characters
(B) an oppressive law is used to symbolize an oppressive culture
(C) one of the key issues involves the answer to a legal question
(D) a legal controversy is used to represent a moral conflict
(E) the working of the legal system suggests something about the political character of a society
 5 
5.   The author uses the word “success” in line 11 to refer to the law-and-literature movement’s

(A) positive effect on the sensitivity of lawyers
(B) widespread acceptance by law schools and law journals
(C) ability to offer fresh insights into literary texts
(D) ability to encourage innovative approaches in two disciplines
(E) response to recent criticism in law journals
 6 
6.   According to the passage, Posner argues that legal analysis is not generally useful in interpreting literature because

(A) use of the law in literature is generally of a quite different nature than use of the law in legal practice
(B) law is rarely used to convey important ideas in literature
(C) lawyers do not have enough literary training to analyze literature competently
(D) legal interpretations of literature tend to focus on legal issues to the exclusion of other important elements
(E) legal interpretations are only relevant to contemporary literature
 7 
7.   According to Posner, the primary difficulty in using literary criticism to interpret law is that

(A) the goals of the two disciplines are incompatible
(B) there are few advocates for the law-and-literature movement in the literary profession
(C) the task of interpreting law is too complex for the techniques of literary criticism
(D) the interpretation of law relies heavily on legal precedent
(E) legal scholars are reluctant to adopt the practice in the classroom

Source:   LSAT Official PrepTest 18   ( December 1992 ) 
 Difficulty Level:   650

u1983 · Answer

Hello  shard87  ........ This is regarding the following post made by you : https://gmatclub.com/forum/rc-challange-the-law-and-litreature-movements-280631.html

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Gladiator59 · Answer

7 mins ... and got 6 out of 7.

Q6 is the tricky one - D too is a strong candidate as it is mentioned that law looks at literature from a single focus and this could also be one reason why law fails to interpret literature accurately.. found hard to spot A. Any thoughts on tackling this would help.

jkbk1732 · Answer

Explanation for Q (6):

This can't be infered from the passage.

Premise: Literary Criticism(LC)-->Various Meaning(VM).
Premise: Legal interpretation(LI)-->Single meaning(SM). 
Conc: Therefore, can't use LC for LI. (Inferable)
Infering that LI  looks  at Literature with SM is  non-inferable.

This question is conerned with 2nd paragraph that deals with Legal analysis on literature.
Two things are mention in this paragraph.
1) Writers use law LOOSELY to convey an idea.
2) Legal questions are SELDOM an issue in literature.
One of these two points should be there in the options.

It is never about law failing to interpret literature. It is about the Law used in the literature being too easy.

(A) use of the law in literature is generally of a quite  different nature  than use of the law in legal practice -   Use of law in literature is to convey an idea(different nature) than use of law, which is to answer legal questions, in legal practive  
(B) law is  rarely  used to convey important ideas in literature -   This option says that law is RARELY used. We only know that it is LOOSELY used. Hence, incorrect.  
(C) lawyers do not have enough literary training to analyze literature competently -   Out of Scope  
(D) legal interpretations of literature tend to focus on legal issues to the exclusion of other important elements -   This says that the Legal interpretations focus only on legal things and leave out other important parts. Hence, Out of Scope.   
(E) legal interpretations are only relevant to contemporary literature -   Out of Scope

(A) is correct.

Aravindrk1111 · Answer

can you please explain the reasoning behind question 6? @veritasprep

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Explanation

6. According to the passage, Posner argues that legal analysis is not generally useful in interpreting literature because

Difficulty Level:   700

Explanation

(A)  This choice is a nice paraphrase of lines  (literature that deals with legal matters, Posner points out that writers of literature use the law loosely to convey a particular idea, or as a metaphor for the workings of the society envisioned in their fiction. Legal questions per se, about which a lawyer might instruct readers, are seldom at issue in literature.)

(B)  distorts the passage. It’s not that literary texts refrain from using the law to express important ideas; it’s that they don’t pose legal questions.

(C)  is beyond the scope of the passage, which never mentions whether lawyers “have enough literary training to analyze literature competently.”

(D)  is opposite choice. According to the passage, Posner argues that legal analysis is not useful to the interpretation of literature because literature focuses primarily on nonlegal, as opposed to legal, issues.

(E)  The passage never makes any distinction between “contemporary” and noncontemporary literature. Moreover, Posner asserts that legal interpretations are essentially irrelevant to all literature.

Answer: A

Hope it helps

tan1107 · Answer

SajjadAhmad  
please can you explain the question 3 ?

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Explanation

3. The passage suggests that Posner regards legal practitioners as using an approach to interpreting law that

Difficulty Level:   700

Explanation

According to lines:

whereas legal interpretation aims at discovering a single meaning.

Posner feels that  “legal interpretation aims at discovering a single meaning”  of the law. Put another way, the legalist approach to interpreting law disavows multiple interpretations.

(B)  Deconstruction, as lines in the passage:

A literary approach can thus only confuse the task of interpreting the law, especially if one adopts current fashions like deconstruction, which holds that all texts are inherently uninterpretable.

make clear, is a literary technique that runs counter to Posner’s view of the legal approach to interpreting law.

(C)  distorts the passage. The legal approach looks for a  “single meaning”  of the law, so how could it be responsive to  “varying...standards”  in its interpretation of the law?

(D)  Opposite. While literary critics, according to Posner, come up with broad and varied interpretations of texts, the legal approach zeroes in on the specific meaning of texts.

(E)  is beyond the scope of the passage. The  “social relevance of the legal tradition”  is never mentioned.

The correct answer to an inference question will never stray very far from the spirit of the text.

Answer: A

Hope it helps

CEdward · Answer

I am reading at a moderate pace, could be much faster...

6/7 and 12:30 minutes...is that terrible for GMAT?

bidskamikaze · Answer

I too got this one wrong for exactly the same reason. Option (D) is wrong because of the word "exclusion", and because it's actually a 180 IMO.

"This is why practitioners of law-and-literature end up discussing the law itself far less than one might suppose."   - Passage never tells us that important things are "excluded". Moreover, practitioners of law-and-literature end up discussing the law itself far  LESS  than one might suppose.

GoodDay22 · Answer

Hi Sajjad,

Can you post the OA answer for Q4?

I want to compare my explanation for OA?
My reason for the answer is based on "Legal questions per se, about which a lawyer might instruct readers, are seldom at issue in literature" in Par 2.

Thanks in advance.

Sajjad1994 · Answer

Explanation

4. The Passage suggests that Posner might find legal training useful in the interpretation of a literary text in which

Difficulty Level:   700

Explanation

According to Posner, the reason that legal training doesn’t provide insight into literary texts is that these texts usually aren’t concerned with  “legal questions per se...”  Presumably, though, Posner would argue that a legal background might be useful in analyzing a literary text that revolves around a legal question.

(A), (B), (D), (E)  The thrust of Para 2 is that legal training provides no special insight into a literary text in which the law or the legal system is used solely as a vehicle to symbolize, represent, or illustrate some non-legal issue.

Answer: C

AkankshaUniyal · Answer

I found this passage difficult. I don't think so this should be categorize in 650 level

The law-and-literature movement claims to have introduced a valuable p

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The law-and-literature movement claims to have introduced a valuable p

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