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09 Feb 2021, 22:16
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C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
64% (01:44) correct
36%
(01:56)
wrong
based on 527
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
The food industry claims that artificial sweeteners used in combination enhance one another's sweetness and that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes less likely individual consumers who will exceed the acceptable daily intake for any single sweetener.
A) that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes less likely individual consumers who will exceed
B) that with a variety of sweeteners available individual consumers will less likely exceed
C) that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes it less likely that individual consumers will exceed
D) the availability of various sweeteners make less likely individual consumers exceeding
E) it is less likely with various sweeteners available for individual consumers to exceed
09 Feb 2021, 22:19
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
THE PROMPT
The food industry claims two things.
First, when artificial sweeteners are used in combination, they enhance one another's sweetness.
Second, when a variety of sweeteners is available, individual consumers are less likely to exceed the acceptable daily intake for any single sweetener.
• Structure?
→ The nonunderlined portion commits us to a construction in which the claims are put forth in that-clauses.
→ The verb claims is correctly followed by that, which in this instance acts as a subordinating conjunction introducing a clause with its own subject and verb (a that-clause).
→ Parallelism matters. The industry makes two claims that are connected by the word and.
The claims should be parallel: similar parts of speech that play logically identical roles in the sentence.
→ We need two that-clauses. See this official question, here for an example in which two that-clauses must be parallel.
THE OPTIONS
→ What is a "less likely individual consumer"?
• If we want to use the word make and to say that individuals will be less likely to exceed acceptable daily limits, we need the verb phrase makes it less likely that consumers will exceed.
→ in the verb expression makes it, the antecedent of it will be a that-clause, an infinitive phrase, or a whether clause.
Eliminate A
How can a person herself exceed [be greater than] a daily intake?
• in order to make the individual consumer the "doer" of the action (rather than the object of a bad comparison), we need to change the verb phrasing.
Corrected: . . . individual consumers will BE less likely TO exceed the acceptable daily intake level.
• parallelism problem: the that-clauses are not similar enough
→ the first that-clause uses the standard NOUN + modifers + VERB construction
→ in this second that-clause, the real subject should be variety rather than individual consumers.
The correct verb for variety would be makes or makes it
Correct: A variety makes it less likely that individual consumers will exceed XYZ.
Correct: A variety makes individual consumers less likely to exceed XYZ.
→ although variety should be the subject of the second claim, variety is not the subject of the clause when it is attached to "with" in with a variety of sweeteners available.
Eliminate B.
→ the that-clause contains a roughly similar structure of NOUN + modifiers + VERB
• the pronoun IT is perfectly acceptable
→ this IT is a placeholder. Some people call this it "non-referential," or a "dummy pronoun."
→ on the GMAT, if the word "it" precedes an antecedent, the IT is called a "placeholder" or an "expletive."
Don't worry about the names.
Do know that this kind of "it" does have a reference: (1) a that/who/how/whether clause, or (2) an infinitive phrase.
→ the antecedent for this it is the that-clause.
IT = that individual consumers will exceed the acceptable daily intake.
• on the GMAT, the antecedent of IT can be a that-clause, an infinitive, or a whether/who-clause.
→ For an official question that uses the verb make and in which the antecedent of IT is an infinitive, go here..
→ For an official question in which the antecedent for a placeholder IT is a that-clause, go here.
→ For a very good overview of this kind of "it" pronoun, see this thread, here. Scroll down to the fifth and sixth posts. (I can't see the link to the actual posts; I probably need to be signed in to do so.)
KEEP
• subject/verb: singular availability does not agree with plural verb make
• meaning is silly: this part of the sentence states that the availability of sweeteners makes (creates!) "less likely individual consumers."
ELIMINATE D
• with various sweeteners available is garbled
The phrase is supposed to mean that IF various sweeteners are available, it is less likely for individual consumers to exceed XYZ.
Restated: When a variety of sweeteners is available, individual consumers are less likely to exceed XYZ.
Unfortunately, the word with does not mean if or when. (We can use when in zero conditionals.)
ELIMINATE E.
The best answer is C.
NOTES
The main verb, claims, must be followed by a that-clause. (Claim can also be followed by an infinitive phrase.)*
In speech and informal writing, the word that is often dropped—no so on the GMAT.
Fortunately, the nonunderlined portion of the prompt correctly places that after claims.
→ The food industry claims that artificial sweeteners . . .
So far, so good.
The word that introduces a dependent clause with its own subject [artificial sweeteners] and its own verb [enhance].
Notice that the food industry makes two claims.
The claims, connected by the parallelism marker and, must be in parallel form.
The second claim, in other words, must also be a that-clause.
COMMENTS
juancruzcba , welcome to SC Butler.
I hope that my explanation answers your question.
In option C, the antecedent of "it" is that individual consumers will exceed the acceptable daily limit.
Explaining the errors in this question is extra difficult, so kudos go to anyone who tried.
I am impressed by all of you here—answering was brave.
Stay safe.
*Verbs of stating, thinking, and believing must often be followed by a that-clause.
→ Common examples include believe, claim, doubt, and think.*
(In that group, only claim can also be followed immediately by the infinitive: He claims to know the answer. The verb "believe" can be followed by an indirect object and an infinitive phrase, but the construction is not common and a bit stiff: I believe him to be dishonest.)
Four of the most commonly misused verbs in this category are believe, claim, doubt, and think.
Wrong: I believe he is guilty.
Correct: I believe that he is guilty.
Wrong: He claims he is innocent.
Correct: He claims that he is innocent.
Wrong: I doubt he is innocent.
Correct: I doubt that he is innocent.
Wrong: I think he is guilty.
Correct: I think that he is guilty.
Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)
THE PROMPT
Quote:
• Meaning?
The food industry claims two things.
First, when artificial sweeteners are used in combination, they enhance one another's sweetness.
Second, when a variety of sweeteners is available, individual consumers are less likely to exceed the acceptable daily intake for any single sweetener.
• Structure?
→ The nonunderlined portion commits us to a construction in which the claims are put forth in that-clauses.
→ The verb claims is correctly followed by that, which in this instance acts as a subordinating conjunction introducing a clause with its own subject and verb (a that-clause).
→ Parallelism matters. The industry makes two claims that are connected by the word and.
The claims should be parallel: similar parts of speech that play logically identical roles in the sentence.
→ We need two that-clauses. See this official question, here for an example in which two that-clauses must be parallel.
THE OPTIONS
Quote:
• Meaning error: how does variety make "less likely consumers"?
→ What is a "less likely individual consumer"?
• If we want to use the word make and to say that individuals will be less likely to exceed acceptable daily limits, we need the verb phrase makes it less likely that consumers will exceed.
→ in the verb expression makes it, the antecedent of it will be a that-clause, an infinitive phrase, or a whether clause.
Eliminate A
Quote:
• nonsensical: individual consumers themselves will "less likely exceed" the the acceptable daily intake for any single sweetener?
How can a person herself exceed [be greater than] a daily intake?
• in order to make the individual consumer the "doer" of the action (rather than the object of a bad comparison), we need to change the verb phrasing.
Corrected: . . . individual consumers will BE less likely TO exceed the acceptable daily intake level.
• parallelism problem: the that-clauses are not similar enough
→ the first that-clause uses the standard NOUN + modifers + VERB construction
→ in this second that-clause, the real subject should be variety rather than individual consumers.
The correct verb for variety would be makes or makes it
Correct: A variety makes it less likely that individual consumers will exceed XYZ.
Correct: A variety makes individual consumers less likely to exceed XYZ.
→ although variety should be the subject of the second claim, variety is not the subject of the clause when it is attached to "with" in with a variety of sweeteners available.
Eliminate B.
Quote:
• I do not see any errors
→ the that-clause contains a roughly similar structure of NOUN + modifiers + VERB
• the pronoun IT is perfectly acceptable
→ this IT is a placeholder. Some people call this it "non-referential," or a "dummy pronoun."
→ on the GMAT, if the word "it" precedes an antecedent, the IT is called a "placeholder" or an "expletive."
Don't worry about the names.
Do know that this kind of "it" does have a reference: (1) a that/who/how/whether clause, or (2) an infinitive phrase.
→ the antecedent for this it is the that-clause.
IT = that individual consumers will exceed the acceptable daily intake.
• on the GMAT, the antecedent of IT can be a that-clause, an infinitive, or a whether/who-clause.
→ For an official question that uses the verb make and in which the antecedent of IT is an infinitive, go here..
→ For an official question in which the antecedent for a placeholder IT is a that-clause, go here.
→ For a very good overview of this kind of "it" pronoun, see this thread, here. Scroll down to the fifth and sixth posts. (I can't see the link to the actual posts; I probably need to be signed in to do so.)
KEEP
Quote:
• not parallel: we need a THAT-clause (see Notes, below)
• subject/verb: singular availability does not agree with plural verb make
• meaning is silly: this part of the sentence states that the availability of sweeteners makes (creates!) "less likely individual consumers."
ELIMINATE D
Quote:
• not parallel: we need a THAT-clause (see Notes, below)
• with various sweeteners available is garbled
The phrase is supposed to mean that IF various sweeteners are available, it is less likely for individual consumers to exceed XYZ.
Restated: When a variety of sweeteners is available, individual consumers are less likely to exceed XYZ.
Unfortunately, the word with does not mean if or when. (We can use when in zero conditionals.)
ELIMINATE E.
The best answer is C.
NOTES
The main verb, claims, must be followed by a that-clause. (Claim can also be followed by an infinitive phrase.)*
In speech and informal writing, the word that is often dropped—no so on the GMAT.
Fortunately, the nonunderlined portion of the prompt correctly places that after claims.
→ The food industry claims that artificial sweeteners . . .
So far, so good.
The word that introduces a dependent clause with its own subject [artificial sweeteners] and its own verb [enhance].
Notice that the food industry makes two claims.
The claims, connected by the parallelism marker and, must be in parallel form.
The second claim, in other words, must also be a that-clause.
COMMENTS
juancruzcba , welcome to SC Butler.
I hope that my explanation answers your question.
In option C, the antecedent of "it" is that individual consumers will exceed the acceptable daily limit.
Explaining the errors in this question is extra difficult, so kudos go to anyone who tried.
I am impressed by all of you here—answering was brave.
Stay safe.
*Verbs of stating, thinking, and believing must often be followed by a that-clause.
→ Common examples include believe, claim, doubt, and think.*
(In that group, only claim can also be followed immediately by the infinitive: He claims to know the answer. The verb "believe" can be followed by an indirect object and an infinitive phrase, but the construction is not common and a bit stiff: I believe him to be dishonest.)
Four of the most commonly misused verbs in this category are believe, claim, doubt, and think.
Wrong: I believe he is guilty.
Correct: I believe that he is guilty.
Wrong: He claims he is innocent.
Correct: He claims that he is innocent.
Wrong: I doubt he is innocent.
Correct: I doubt that he is innocent.
Wrong: I think he is guilty.
Correct: I think that he is guilty.
10 Feb 2021, 00:05
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The food industry claims that artificial sweeteners used in combination enhance one another's sweetness and that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes less likely individual consumers who will exceed the acceptable daily intake for any single sweetener.
A) that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes less likely individual consumers who will exceed Incorrect
incomplete sentence - ..................makes less likely individual consumers .....what?
B) that with a variety of sweeteners available individual consumers will less likely exceed Incorrect
changes meaning
C) that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes it less likely that individual consumers will exceed Correct
D) the availability of various sweeteners make less likely individual consumers exceeding Incorrect
that require for correct parallelism
E) it is less likely with various sweeteners available for individual consumers to exceed Incorrect
that require for correct parallelism
A) that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes less likely individual consumers who will exceed Incorrect
incomplete sentence - ..................makes less likely individual consumers .....what?
B) that with a variety of sweeteners available individual consumers will less likely exceed Incorrect
changes meaning
C) that the availability of a variety of sweeteners makes it less likely that individual consumers will exceed Correct
D) the availability of various sweeteners make less likely individual consumers exceeding Incorrect
that require for correct parallelism
E) it is less likely with various sweeteners available for individual consumers to exceed Incorrect
that require for correct parallelism
