In a recent article published in Nature magazine scientists

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In a recent article published in  Nature  magazine, scientists from the University of Toronto analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, from fruits to grains to legumes,  who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

A) who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

B) to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity.

C) concluding that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

D) concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

E) in order to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, and that disparity varied widely.

generis · Answer

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TarunKumar1234 · Answer

In a recent article published in Nature magazine, scientists from the University of Toronto analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, from fruits to grains to legumes, who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

A) who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely. --> who is modifying legumes, which is wrong

D) concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely. --> run-on sentence, scientists analyzed....concluded, it needs conjuction

So A and D are out
Now,

B) to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity. --> widely is adverb, here it modifies delivered, which is wrong. It should modify "varying", which is as verb in C and E

Now C vs. E:

Meaning of original sentence:
- Scientists analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species.
- Scientists concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

But E says: Scientists concluded two things:
1) organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type
2) disparity varied widely
That distorts the meaning of the sentence. So E is out.

C) concluding that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

E) in order to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, and that disparity varied widely.

sumitkrocks · Answer

A) Who is referring to immediate preceding noun which is legumes - Eliminate

B) "to" is used to reflect the purpose - In this option the meaning that comes out is - Scientists analyzed studies to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity.

which is not the actual purpose of study rather finding cause could be purpose. - Doubtfully hold it  
 
 C) Ving Modifier starting with concluding beautifully presents the result of the study -Keep it so far the best  
 
D) Ved modifier modifies crop species/legumes in any case its nonsensical - Eliminate

E) Same issue as highlighted in B - Eliminate

C is the answer IMO

asishron29181 · Answer

In a recent article published in Nature magazine, scientists from the University of Toronto analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, from fruits to grains to legumes,  who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

A)  who concluded  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.- Incorrect

B)  to conclude  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity..- Incorrect

C)  concluding  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely. - Correct

D)  concluded  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely..- Incorrect

E)  in order to conclude  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, and that disparity varied widely..- Incorrect

IMO C.

sush147 · Answer

In a recent article published in  Nature  magazine, scientists from the University of Toronto analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, from fruits to grains to legumes,  who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

A) who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  --> INCORRECT. As, 'who' will refer to nearest noun, it cannot refer back to scientists. Also, conclusion was drawn by scientists but was driven by the study. So, we should use a modifier which can connect back to complete clause.

B) to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity.  --> INCORRECT. scientists did not analyze to conclude, they concluded based on the results.
 
C) concluding that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  --> CORRECT.

D) concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  --> INCORRECT. Past tense is incorrect.

E) in order to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, and that disparity varied widely.  --> INCORRECT. Same as B.

zhanbo · Answer

My answer is  (C) . It took me 02:27 as I spent most time comparing (B) and (C).

(A) "who" seems to modify "legumes", which is nonsensical.

(B) No obvious error. Keep for now.
(C) No obvious error. Keep for now.

(D) must have "and" before "concluded".

(E) We do not say "in order to conclude that ..."; we might say "in order to find out whether ...".

Now, compare (B) and (C).
(B) It uses simpler structure and is shorter. But, in comparison with (C), (B) fails to distinguish between the most important conclusion ("organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type") and a qualifying footnote ("the disparity varies widely").
(C) The use of present participle phrase is ok because the subject of the sentence ("scientists") drew the conclusion. As mentioned above, (C) delivers the most important finding first, followed by a qualifying note.

It is still a tough call, but I ended up choosing (C) because it is clearer in meaning.

winterschool · Answer

In a recent article published in Nature magazine, scientists from the University of Toronto analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, from fruits to grains to legumes, who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

A)  who  concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  Incorrect

who modifies legumes that is illogical

B)  to conclude  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity.  Incorrect

to conclude uses wrong

C)  concluding that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.   Correct

D)  concluded  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  Incorrect

concluded modifies scientists, but after analyze they conclude; so concluding is better

E)  in order to  conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type,  and that  disparity varied widely.  Incorrect

parallelism error - that has no precedent

minalgambhir · Answer

ERROR ANALYSIS -

1) 'who concluded' is wrong - who is used to denote a person that too just before the modifier

ANSWER CHOICE ANALYSIS -

A) 'who concluded' is wrong - who is used to denote a person
B) Contrast in the original sentence using 'though' - removed
C) CORRECT - Verb-ing modifier is reflecting the result of anlysis
D) Result of analysis not highlighted using Verb-ed modifier
E) Contrast in the original sentence using 'though' - removed

Adambhau · Answer

In a recent article published in Nature magazine, scientists from the University of Toronto analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, from fruits to grains to legumes,  who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

A) who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  --> who is modifying legumes, which is wrong

D) concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.  --> run-on sentence, scientists analyzed....concluded, it needs conjuction

So A and D are out
Now,

B) to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type with widely varying disparity.  --> widely is adverb, here it modifies delivered, which is wrong. It should modify "varying", which is as verb in C and E

Now C vs. E:

Meaning of original sentence: 
- Scientists analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species.
- Scientists concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

But E says: Scientists concluded two things: 
1) organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type 
2) disparity varied widely
That distorts the meaning of the sentence. So E is out.

C) concluding that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

E) in order to conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, and that disparity varied widely.

Green2k1 · Answer

---In a recent article published in Nature magazine, 
scientists 
----from the University of Toronto
analyzed three dozen studies comparing conventional and organic cultivation methods across different crop species, 
--------from fruits to grains to legumes,
---  who concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely.

Error Analysis:
1. "Who" is used for People, and it can not jump over the main verb "analyzed" to modify the Scientist - Therefore sentence has modifier error
2. The way sentence is written - last clause should be describing the result of "analyzed"

POE

A)  who  concluded that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely. - Modifier Error

B)  to conclude  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type  with widely varying disparity . -  Meaning Error- It appears like Scientist analyzed with purpose "to conclude"

C) concluding that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely. -  Clear Meaning- Verb-ing has been correctly used- providing the result of analysis, also the doer of the "concluding" is Scientist - CORRECT

D)  concluded  that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type, though the disparity varied widely. -  Meaning error 
 - if we consider "concluded" has been used as verb - there no connector between two verbs
- if we consider "concluded" has been used as verb-ed modifier - Verb -ed modifier is generally used noun modifier

E)  in order to  conclude that organic farming delivered a lower yield for every crop type,  and that  disparity varied widely.
 - same as B and other error highlighted

In a recent article published in Nature magazine scientists

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GMAT Sentence Correction (SC - EA only) Questions

In a recent article published in Nature magazine scientists

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