The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membra

Question

The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane,  protecting them from the environment, helping to anchor appendages, which originate  in the cytoplasm membrane and protrude through the wall to the outside.

A. protecting them from the environment, helping to anchor appendages, which originate
 B. protecting them from the environment, help to anchor appendages, which originates
 C. protecting them from the environment and helping to anchor appendages, which originates
 D. protecting it from the environment and helping to anchor appendages, which originate
 E. protecting it from the environment to help it to anchor appendages, which originates

happypuppy · Answer

It has subject verb error. 
1. Them -> Should be it. As the talk is about cell.
2. Originate is correct and parallel to protrude.

A) Wrong - for `them`
B) Wrong - for `them` and `originates`
C) Wrong - for `them` and `originates`
D) Correct
E) Wrong - for `originates`

rkd21 · Answer

The use of plural pronoun them is incorrect. Hence option A, B & C are eliminated. 
Choice e - Use of To+verb (help) changes the meaning. Also, originates is incorrect. 
Choice D has no error and is correct.

RahulHGGmat · Answer

I choose E as the singular subject cell verifies with singular verb originates. However, I am wrong. I would request  Roy867  and other members to confirm where I went wrong.

AnirudhaS · Answer

The meaning of E does not make sense.

(E) The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane, protecting it from the environment to help it to anchor appendages, which originates in the cytoplasm membrane and protrude through the wall to the outside.

First of all the subject is "the wall"
The wall --> gives the shape.
The subject is not "the cell"

The next part is -ing, so lets look at it in a bit more details.
E says - The wall protects the cell TO anchor appendages.
This does not make sense at all. Why would the wall protect the cell TO anchor?
D says - The wall protects the cell from environment and also anchors the appendages. Ok this makes much more sense, the two functions of the wall.

Finally, we come to "which" at the end of the sentence.
"Which" here refers to the appendages - plural. 
The appendages originate in the cytoplasm and protrude through the wall.

We should look at the grammatical rules, only if the final sentence makes sense. Meaning is the key.

FazliddinKD · Answer

The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane,  protecting them from the environment, helping to anchor appendages, which originate  in the cytoplasm membrane and protrude through the wall to the outside.

A. protecting  them  from the environment, helping to anchor appendage s , which  originate  -    should refer  ,   is in the singular form, so   should be   - INCORRECT

B.  protecting   them  from the environment,  help  to anchor appendages, which originates -  (1)   should refer  ,   is in the singular form, so   should be  ; (2)   and   should be parallel; (3)  modifies  , which is plural noun, so   would be appropriate - INCORRECT

C. protecting  them  from the environment and helping to anchor appendage s , which originate s  -  (1)   should refer  ,   is in the singular form, so   should be  ; (2)   modifies  , which is plural noun, so   would be appropriate - INCORRECT

D. protecting it from the environment and helping to anchor appendages, which originate -  CORRECT

E. protecting it from the environment  to help  it to anchor appendage s , which originate s  -  (1)   changes meaning of the sentence; (2)   modifies  , which is plural noun, so   would be appropriate - INCORRECT

ExpertsGlobal5 · Answer

Hello  RahulHGGmat ,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe we can resolve your doubt.

Option D is correct, as the verb phrase "which originate" refers to the noun "appendages", not to the noun "cell"; please remember, "who/whose/whom/which/where", when preceded by a comma, refer to the noun just before the comma.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

VerbalBot · Answer

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The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membra

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The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic membra

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