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Sensations of nausea in people are accompanied by higher-than-normal blood levels of a particular hormone, vasopressin. Therefore, either nausea triggers the production of vasopressin or abnormally high levels of vasopressin cause nausea.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?


Important to know: assumption bridges the gap between argument’s stated premises and conclusion.
Conclusion: "nausea triggers the production of vasopressin or abnormally high levels of vasopressin cause nausea"

A. Sensations of nausea are never present when vasopressin is at low levels.
Incorrect: 1) conclusion is not about vasopressin at low levels, therefore unhelpful in bridging gap b/w argument premises and conclusion. This neither defends or support the conclusion "nausea triggers the production of vasopressin or abnormally high levels of vasopressin cause nausea so out of scope 2) "Never" is a hint that this option is wrong.

B. High levels of vasopressin have no effect on the body other than to cause sensations of nausea.
Incorrect: argument does not state anything about what other effects come with high vasopressin. Out of scope

C. Sensations of nausea and high levels of vasopressin do not have a common cause that makes them occur together.
Correct: Defends/supports the conclusion "nausea triggers the production of vasopressin or abnormally high levels of vasopressin cause nausea" by ruling out other possibilities.

D. Mild nausea causes the release of small quantities of vasopressin, and high levels of vasopressin cause intense nausea.
Incorrect: this is not the root of the argument, it goes beyond what is argued. Again, conclusion is simply "nausea triggers the production of vasopressin or abnormally high levels of vasopressin cause nausea". Nothing about the quantities effect nausea is ever stated. Out of scope

E. People differ in the blood level of vasopressin that is normal for them.
Incorrect: Same reason as D. Argument is not about differing levels of blood levels. Out of scope
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