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A It asks about starting pressure levels, not whether screen use caused the increase. Irrelevant.

B It questions whether pressure is the best measure, not the cause-effect link. Irrelevant.

C CORRECT. It checks for other shared factors that could explain the higher pressure instead of screen use.

D Some casual users can also have rising pressure without weakening the conclusion.

E Other causes of vision impairment do not determine whether screen use is one cause.

The correct answer is C
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Bunuel
In a study, researchers repeatedly measured the intraocular pressure of thousands of teenage volunteers over four years. The researchers found that intraocular pressure increased more quickly in teenagers who used screens for more than six hours per day. Since elevated intraocular pressure is associated with vision impairment, the researchers concluded that heavy daily screen use contributes to vision impairment.

In order to assess the force of the researchers' evidence for their conclusion, it would be most helpful to know whether

(A) among volunteers whose intraocular pressure was highest at the end of the study, most had already had elevated readings at the start

(B) intraocular pressure is a reliable indicator of overall visual system health compared with other eye measurements

(C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly

(D) any of the volunteers whose intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day

(E) vision impairment can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure

 


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A. Talks about starting pressure levels, not the cause of the increase. Not correct.

B. Not the main issue. The argument assumed screen use caused pressure increase.

C. Correct. If heavy screen users also share another habit that raises eye pressure, the conclusion becomes much weaker.

D. Even if some light screen users had increased pressure, the conclusion could still be true. D can be eliminated.

E. Other causes of vision impairment don't affect whether screen use contributes to it. E is not correct.

Option C
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(A) among volunteers whose intraocular pressure was highest at the end of the study, most had already had elevated readings at the start Increase in pressure is concern

(B) intraocular pressure is a reliable indicator of overall visual system health compared with other eye measurements Irrelevant data as whether the parameter is beneficial is out of context

(C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly Correct. This shows some alternate cause may be the reason for the effect seen.

(D) any of the volunteers whose intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day Even if few exception exists,still argument holds.

(E) vision impairment can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure Irrelevant as we are concerned with visual impairment due to pressure

Ans C
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A) highest is vague, we wanna know among most with > 6hours screen time
B) No comparison needed, fact stated it is one of the indicator related to visual impairment
C) Yes, might be something else this group is doing that's increasing the intraocular pressure & no screen time
D) Doesn't help
E) Irrelevant
Bunuel
In a study, researchers repeatedly measured the intraocular pressure of thousands of teenage volunteers over four years. The researchers found that intraocular pressure increased more quickly in teenagers who used screens for more than six hours per day. Since elevated intraocular pressure is associated with vision impairment, the researchers concluded that heavy daily screen use contributes to vision impairment.

In order to assess the force of the researchers' evidence for their conclusion, it would be most helpful to know whether

(A) among volunteers whose intraocular pressure was highest at the end of the study, most had already had elevated readings at the start

(B) intraocular pressure is a reliable indicator of overall visual system health compared with other eye measurements

(C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly

(D) any of the volunteers whose intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day

(E) vision impairment can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure

 


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More time in screens => Elevated Pressure => Vision impairment

Evidence for conclusion?

(A) (B) (D) (E) does not help to prove conclusion
(C) this helps as if there could be other cause behind elevated pressure, that could be the reason behind vision impairment eventually and not screen time and conversely if there’s not other reason we can derive the conclusion with more confidence

Hence (C)
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A. Irrelevant since this talks about initial conditions mainly. Even if we see it to be true, heavy screen users could still experience a faster increase. It doesent really address the case whether screen use caused the increase.
B. Irrelevant as we already know that elevated intraoccular pressure is assosciated with vision impairment from the passage. The conclusion is specifically about vision impairment and we only need to know if screen usage is causing the issue here.
C. Relevant as this is what we are looking for to address the corelation causation flaw. If the heavy screen users are also seen to sleep less, consume more caffeine and spend less time outdoors, then we see an increase in intraoccular pressure. This would mean that screen use may not be the cause. If these habits dont exist, then we can say that researchers conclusion gets stronger
D. Irrelevant since researchers arent seen to claim that only screen usage increase eye pressure. It is only mentioned that heavy screen use contributes to it. Light users can also have increased intraoccular pressure.
E. Irrelevant becuase even if other causes do exist, heavy screen use could still contribute through increased intraoccular pressure. It doesent weaken or strengthen the causal link here.

C.
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premise
teenage use screens >6hrs
elevated IOP is associated with vision problems

Conclusion- heavy screen use contributes to vision impairment
Logical gap: argument assumes one reason alone
Analysing answer choices
A) irrelevant. initial IOP is not needed
B) not relevant. argument already uses iop as evidence
C) correct. this checks for any other habits that increase IOP. If yes, the evidence for screen use is weaker
D) irreleavtn. cllaim compares heavy vs light uses, not required
E) irrelavnt
C is the answer
Bunuel
In a study, researchers repeatedly measured the intraocular pressure of thousands of teenage volunteers over four years. The researchers found that intraocular pressure increased more quickly in teenagers who used screens for more than six hours per day. Since elevated intraocular pressure is associated with vision impairment, the researchers concluded that heavy daily screen use contributes to vision impairment.

In order to assess the force of the researchers' evidence for their conclusion, it would be most helpful to know whether

(A) among volunteers whose intraocular pressure was highest at the end of the study, most had already had elevated readings at the start

(B) intraocular pressure is a reliable indicator of overall visual system health compared with other eye measurements

(C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly

(D) any of the volunteers whose intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day

(E) vision impairment can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure

 


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Bunuel
In a study, researchers repeatedly measured the intraocular pressure of thousands of teenage volunteers over four years. The researchers found that intraocular pressure increased more quickly in teenagers who used screens for more than six hours per day. Since elevated intraocular pressure is associated with vision impairment, the researchers concluded that heavy daily screen use contributes to vision impairment.

In order to assess the force of the researchers' evidence for their conclusion, it would be most helpful to know whether

(A) among volunteers whose intraocular pressure was highest at the end of the study, most had already had elevated readings at the start

(B) intraocular pressure is a reliable indicator of overall visual system health compared with other eye measurements

(C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly

(D) any of the volunteers whose intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day

(E) vision impairment can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure

 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
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C is the answer.
According to the conclusion
Screen usage SU>+6 ---> Increases IP---->Vision Impairment(VI). and hence SU-->VI

A This doesn't help in concluding Screen usage and vision impairment.
B IP being reliable indicator doesn't help in any way for the conclusion SU-->VI.
D Volunteers using fewer than six hours per day isn't what we are looking for.
E We are only concerned about SU contributing to VI.VI resulting from other factors is not what we are looking for.
C address that for volunteers whose SU is above 6 hrs something else could have caused IP to increase. But that the main thing our conclusion was dependent on. So if C is yes it weakens our statement and if its false it says our statement holds true.

So C would be the right answer
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Ans Choice C: Typical Cause-Effect related argument where Heavy Daily Screen (Cause) is leading to High Intraocular Pressure Intermediate effect) in turn leading to Vision impairment (Final Effect).

Conclusion : Heavy Daily Screen leading to Vision impairment

If we can show that another Cause may also lead to an increase of Intraocular pressure then force of evidence "Heavy Daily Screen for more than 6hrs/day" will weaken and if no other cause might lead to increase in Intraocular pressure the evidence strengthens.
A) No other cause is mentioned but only talks about baseline being high (increase in trend still present)
B) No other cause is mentioned
C) gives one such Cause which increases Intraocular pressure apart from Heavy Daily Screens
D) some anomalies are always present in the Study. Doesn't Strengthen/Weaken the conclusion
E) Other factors leading to Final effect doesn't Strengthen/Weaken the evidence for the conclusion
Bunuel
In a study, researchers repeatedly measured the intraocular pressure of thousands of teenage volunteers over four years. The researchers found that intraocular pressure increased more quickly in teenagers who used screens for more than six hours per day. Since elevated intraocular pressure is associated with vision impairment, the researchers concluded that heavy daily screen use contributes to vision impairment.

In order to assess the force of the researchers' evidence for their conclusion, it would be most helpful to know whether

(A) among volunteers whose intraocular pressure was highest at the end of the study, most had already had elevated readings at the start

(B) intraocular pressure is a reliable indicator of overall visual system health compared with other eye measurements

(C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly

(D) any of the volunteers whose intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day

(E) vision impairment can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure

 


This question was provided by GMAT Club
for the GMAT World Cup Competition

Win over $30,000 in prizes such as Courses, Tests, Private Tutoring, and more

 


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Conclusion: More than 6 hrs daily screen use contributes to high intraocular pressure which is is associated with vision impairment.
Evaluation type of ques. Taking the options to extremes should strengthen or weaken the Conclusion.


A) Elevated readings at the start -> Doesnot strengthen or weaken the Conclusion > INCORRECT
B) reliable indicator of overall visual system health-> Not related to our conclusion> INCORRECT
C) any other habits common among teenagers who use screens for more than six hours per day also tend to cause intraocular pressure to increase more quickly> yes to option would weaken and a no to option would strrnthrn the conclusion. -> CORRECT
D) intraocular pressure increased during the study used screens for fewer than six hours per day> Doesnot relate to our conlusion>INCORRECT
E) can result from factors that do not involve elevated intraocular pressure-> quuestioning a fact given in ques> INCORRECT
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