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Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation. According to Summers Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated: not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale's place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.
By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses' training hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert her practical intelligence was formidable: as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860's.
I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity. When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation she sounds like a modern educator. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all other goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers
In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with... A. Summarizing... B. Refuting... C. Analyzing... D. Citing... E. Correcting...
The answer is D. Citing...Can you please explain where the citation is?
My understanding of citing is to quote an authority to support an opinion. I see opinions and statements in the final paragraph, but I do not see a single supportive quote or reference. I was confident D. Citing... cannot be the answer!
GMATPrep's explanation is that the author cites Nightingale's letters. I see a reference to those letters, but a reference does not automatically qualify as a citation. For example, in which of her historic letters does Nightingale describe herself as being like a future educator? Clearly I do not currently agree with the answer, but I would really like to. Can someone please flesh out the explanation?
what I understand citation means 'acknowledgement' hence answer shloud be D.
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14 May 2016, 08:30
In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all other goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.
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24 May 2016, 21:51
vaidhaichaturvedi wrote:
Can someone please explain Q6
I found Ron's explanation (by using Negation Technique) in previous page is very useful - have you try to comprehend it?
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26 May 2016, 22:00
13 mins and 10 seconds - All correct except second one . CAADCAD Took a lot of time to answer sixth question , it was tricky .
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14 Jul 2016, 18:53
WaterFlowsUp wrote:
Good Passage. In q6 i am still not convinced how D is incorrect. Options are very close though
I have the same doubt, can someone please explain why D is incorrect?? Option D states: "Until Nightingale began her work, there was no concept of organized help for the needy in nineteenth-century Britain."
The author states: Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers.
It says that the approach she used is similar to the approach being used by modern social workers, implying this approach was new for her era.
Using negation doesn't really help, as I have A & D as the correct ans using negation.
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01 Jan 2017, 08:02
PrashantPonde wrote:
4. The passage suggests which of the following about sanitary conditions in Britain after the Crimean War? (A) While not ideal, they were superior to those in other parts of the world. (B) Compared with conditions before the war, they had deteriorated. (C) They were more advanced in rural areas than in the urban centers. (D) They were worse in military camps than in the neighboring civilian populations. (E) They were uniformly crude and unsatisfactory throughout England.
In the question above, why is option B wrong? I agree that D is correct but B isn't wrong either if you look at the line below. Moreover, the example of the army barracks further suggests that sanitary conditions had become worse.
They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war
If sanitary conditions had to be "reformed", it indicates that they became a lot worse post the war than they were before the war
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23 May 2017, 04:09
raddy wrote:
PrashantPonde wrote:
4. The passage suggests which of the following about sanitary conditions in Britain after the Crimean War? (A) While not ideal, they were superior to those in other parts of the world. (B) Compared with conditions before the war, they had deteriorated. (C) They were more advanced in rural areas than in the urban centers. (D) They were worse in military camps than in the neighboring civilian populations. (E) They were uniformly crude and unsatisfactory throughout England.
In the question above, why is option B wrong? I agree that D is correct but B isn't wrong either if you look at the line below. Moreover, the example of the army barracks further suggests that sanitary conditions had become worse.
They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war
If sanitary conditions had to be "reformed", it indicates that they became a lot worse post the war than they were before the war
Hi,
IMHO, the problem here is that you're making an assumption. When something doesn't happen after the war, it could happen either before the war or during the war. Therefore, this passage may imply that EITHER pre-war or during-war sanitary conditions are better than post-war conditions. However, you just assume that only pre-war sanitary conditions are better than post-war conditions.
While option (D) is clearly correct, option (B) needs an assumption to be correct. That's why (D) is better.
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11 Jun 2017, 04:59
Hi, There is another meaning for citing . praise (someone, typically a member of the armed forces) in an official report for a courageous act. "he has been cited many times for his contributions in the intelligence area" .
Because author is praising her. I guess the GMAT is testing over this meaning.
7. In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with (A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs (B) refuting the view of Nightingale's career presented in the preceding paragraph (C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage (D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale's career (E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review
7. In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with (A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs (B) refuting the view of Nightingale's career presented in the preceding paragraph (C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage (D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale's career (E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review
Hi pikolo2510,
7.In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with
(A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs - The author presents new evidence to support Nightingale's work -- which also was praised in second para but summers in first para tried to debunk Nightingale and stated that her contribution was marginal (B) refuting the view of Nightingale's career presented in the preceding paragraph - The author does not mention refute Summers' view (C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage - No weakness in earlier evidence is mentioned (D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale's career - Correct (E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review - The author does not correct any factual errors .
Answer D
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7. In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with (A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs (B) refuting the view of Nightingale's career presented in the preceding paragraph (C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage (D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale's career (E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review
Nice explanation, Skywalker18! pikolo2510, did that take care of your question?
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Practice Question Question No.: RC 73 ~ 79 Page: 344
Two recent publications offer different assessments of the careerof the famous British nurse FlorenceNightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation. According to Summers Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated: not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale's place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.
By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses' training hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert her practical intelligence was formidable: as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860's.
I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity. When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation she sounds like a modern educator. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all other goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.
In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with
(A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs (B) refuting the view of Nightingale's career presented in the preceding paragraph (C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage (D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale's career (E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review
This question asks you to identify the author's primary concern in the last paragraph of the passage.
The best answer is D. In the last paragraph, the author cites examples of Nightingale's achievements to support the author's conclusion that Nightingale's achievements to support the author's conclusion that Nightingale is worthy of respect and has earned "an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers".
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, it was tricky .
