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Tanchat

What about -ed modifier follows a comma : ________(sentence/clause)_______, -ed.
I know that there is no touch rule, but I would like to know in term of grammar. What things that -ed can modify? Is it the same as -ing following comma?
This question seems unrelated to the current mountain frog SC question. Anyway...

An -ed/-en modifier (past participle) that does not follow a comma modifies something it touches.

An -ed/-en modifier after a comma at the end of a sentence typically modifies the subject of the preceding clause. But as a general rule, modifiers should be close to what they modify.

Here are some examples:
- The children fell asleep immediately, exhausted after the long trek. (children are exhausted)
- The children, exhausted after the long trek, fell asleep immediately. (children are exhausted)
- The children ate all the pizzas, famished after the long trek.
(children are famished, but it will be better to place the modifier closer to 'children')
- Famished after the long trek, the children ate all the pizzas. (no problem, children are famished)
- The children, famished after the long trek, ate all the pizzas. (no problem, children are famished)

Here are two examples from Purdue OWL:
- The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets. (The phrase modifies Ken, not residents.)
- Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence. (The phrase modifies Tom, not woman.)

The Purdue OWL page on Participles is clear and informative. Please read it.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writ ... iples.html



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Tanchat
Dear experts, RonTargetTestPrep GMATNinja and others,

I read all comments. Many people asked about -ed modifier.

Many explanations are provided but most of them are " -ed,_____________" or "Nount + -ed modifier"

What about -ed modifier follows a comma : ________(sentence/clause)_______, -ed.
I know that there is no touch rule, but I would like to know in term of grammar. What things that -ed can modify? Is it the same as -ing following comma?

Hello Tanchat,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, past participles and past participle phrases that act as noun modifiers function, broadly speaking, the same as any other noun modifier.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

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