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29 Oct 2022, 21:29
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1. We can't eliminate based on the first word alone, but we can eliminate all the answers but C on the basis of faulty comparison. Each starts with a word that compares NOUNS, so in these choices, we are comparing the noun that follows (transplant(s)) with the subject of the sentence (all patients). The only way to make a correct answer starting with one of these words would be to compare "all patients receiving hearts . . " with some other group of patients: "Unlike patients with artificial hearts, all patients who receive heart transplants must .. . . " However, there's no way to do that in the context of this sentence, since it's illogical to say that ALL members of a group are unlike some members. ("Unlike my parents, ALL parents are strict." Huh???)
2. You're absolutely right when it comes to C. This ends up coming down to comma usage. When we see who/whose without a comma, it's typically a restrictive modifier--one that narrows down the scope of the previous noun. However, when we precede WHO/WHOSE with a comma, w are creating a nonrestrictive modifier. So A and E are saying that this is true of all identical twins.
2. You're absolutely right when it comes to C. This ends up coming down to comma usage. When we see who/whose without a comma, it's typically a restrictive modifier--one that narrows down the scope of the previous noun. However, when we precede WHO/WHOSE with a comma, w are creating a nonrestrictive modifier. So A and E are saying that this is true of all identical twins.
30 Oct 2022, 05:49
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leeye84
Options (A), (B), (D) and (E) start with prepositions or phrasal prepositions depicting an exception to 'all patients.' They have the noun 'transplant/transplants' after them. Whatever comes after the prepositions must be an exception to 'all patients' but 'transplants' cannot be the exception to 'all patients.'
Option (C) uses 'unless' which is a subordinate conjunction and hence gives a subordinate clause after it. A subordinate clause does not modify the subject of the main clause.
Unless the transplant involves identical twins..., all patients receiving hearts ...
The issue of commas is present in (C) but GMAT does use commas sparingly. I would hesitate to eliminate any option based on just the absence of commas. I would have preferred 'who have ...' as a non essential modifier since it gives extra information but all other options are certainly incorrect.
So (C) is the best answer.
01 Nov 2023, 06:06
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