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Can you please explain between option A and C
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aaggarwal191
Can you please explain between option A and C

aaggarwal191

Upon visiting the church where the murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.

b. Upon visiting the church where he knew murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.

The "grotesque brickwork" can't have "visit[ed] the church." This is a modifier issue - don't be fooled by the upon!

c. As he visited the church where the murder had taken place, the Duke was unnerved by the grotesque brickwork.

This makes more sense!
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aaggarwal191
Can you please explain between option A and C

Let us start with a simple example.

After eating the cake, the table was removed by John over which the cake was placed.

After eating the cake, John removed the table over which the cake was placed.

Both sentences feel same in daily life, but not in GMAT.

John eats the cake, so word "John" should come after the comma.

What follows after the comma must be the person/or some actionable noun, who is doing the action mentioned in the first modifying phrase.

As in the original sentence, the person who visited the church must come after the comma.

We have two nouns after the comma

1. The grotesque brick work

2. The Duke

Think, who can do the action of coming; The duke or The X brickwork

Certartainly, The Duke is the one who can visit the church. So A & B are wrong.

Now looking at option C, I believe you can easily understand why it is correct.

Pronoun "he " rightly refers to noun "The Duke". Rest of the sentence is easily understood.
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AkshdeepS
Upon visiting the church where the murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.

a. Upon visiting the church where the murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.

b. Upon visiting the church where he knew murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.

c. As he visited the church where the murder had taken place, the Duke was unnerved by the grotesque brickwork.

d. The grotesque brickwork, visiting the church, unnerved the Duke, for it was where the murder had taken place.

e. The murder having taken place in the church with the grotesque brickwork, the Duke was unnerved.

A: Subject is brickwork and adverbial modifier- "visiting the church". It illogically modifies brickwork is visiting the church. WRONG.
B: Same as A. WRONG
D: Same as A.WRONG
E: awkward modifier to Duke. No mention of visiting the church, hence distorting the original idea. WRONG
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Upon visiting the church where the murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.

a. Upon visiting the church where the murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.
This implies grotesque brickwork has visited the church which is incorrect

b. Upon visiting the church where he knew murder had taken place, the grotesque brickwork unnerved the Duke.
This implies grotesque brickwork has visited the church which is incorrect

c. As he visited the church where the murder had taken place, the Duke was unnerved by the grotesque brickwork.
When verb-ed is placed in the beginning of the sentence followed by a comma, it always modifies the subject of the clause.
here visited modifies duke


d. The grotesque brickwork, visiting the church, unnerved the Duke, for it was where the murder had taken place.
This implies grotesque brickwork has visited the church which is incorrect

e. The murder having taken place in the church with the grotesque brickwork, the Duke was unnerved.
incorrectly modifies the noun after comma (duke)
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