Official Solution:
During a single hour of a pledge drive for a public radio station, anyone making a pledge of a stated amount was given a free gift. Pledges were encouraged by the announcement that the retail cost of the gift was equal to the amount of the pledge. Yet, at the end of the hour, the total money raised from pledges accounted for a larger dollar amount than the amount organizers had paid for all the free gifts.
Which of the following, if true, is the best explanation for the fact that funds raised from pledges during the hour accounted for more money than the cost of the free gifts?
A. The cost of postage was included in the total cost assigned to the gifts, making them seem more expensive to potential donors.
B. Organizers underestimated the amount of money that would be raised during the hour and were surprised by the actual total of pledges.
C. Organizers overestimated the number of donors who would respond to the offer and were forced to offer gifts at half price when there were fewer pledges than expected.
D. Half of the free gifts were sponsored by the companies from which they were purchased.
E. More money was raised during this hour than during the previous three hours, driving down the average out-of-pocket cost of the free gifts.
Situation: Organizers of a public radio fund drive find that they have received more money in pledges than they must pay for free gifts they send to donors.
Reasoning: Which is the best explanation for the excess in money? Because the retail cost of the gift and the amount each donor’s pledge are assumed to be equal, it is expected that organizers will not see a net gain in funds during this hour. It is important to note, however, that the amounts of money being compared are the pledge amount and the
retail cost of the free gifts. If organizers do not spend the entire money on the free gifts they send to donors, a certain amount of the pledges received during the hour represent a net gain.
A. Whether the gifts seem more expensive has no impact on the net amount raised or paid during the hour. Even if the postage cost was included in the “retail” cost of the gifts, the organizers had to still pay this postage cost to the sellers and hence this option does not account for the lower amounts paid by the organizers than the pledge amount collected.
B. The organizers’ surprise may influence their
perceptions of the amount of money raised, but would not influence an actual count.
C.
Free gifts are not being sold in the passage, and therefore can not be offered at
half price. D. CORRECT. If only half of the cost of the gifts need to be subtracted from the dollar amount raised during the hour, half of the pledges count as net gain and represent a larger dollar amount than the total retail cost of all gifts. Moreover this statement is not in contradiction to anything stated in the passage: the announcement was that the retail cost of the gifts were equal to the pledge - this statement doesn't necessarily mean that the organizers had to pay the retail costs to the sellers.
E. The amount of money raised during previous hours has no bearing on the situation described in the passage.
Answer: D