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Hi

Please help me to verify option B from passage. i am able to verify from passage only that is onboard fuel


Sure. That would be this sentence from the passage. Let me know if any other questions.

Quote:
Given a sufficiently large and reflective sail, a spacecraft could, in theory, be propelled to significant velocities, allowing for exploratory missions beyond what traditional propulsion methods could achieve...
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Hi, C seems still to be correct. Kepler had only an initial idea after observing a phenomenon. This does not constitute to a concept of a solar sail as means for interstellar travel. Only Saga developed a concept for interstellar travel, as mentioned in the third paragraph. B is correct, but so is C IMO.
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I like the solution - it’s helpful.
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I like the solution - it’s helpful.
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I would suggest to alter the explanation of option C.

"Carl Sagan championed the idea of solar sailing, but he may not be the first to conceptualize it, as the idea dates back to 17th century. There still lies a possibility of someone else framing the concept between 17th century and 20th century"
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I don’t quite agree with the solution. the need for onboard fuel doesn't increase the velocity. it only reduces the weight of the spacecraft. Larger velocities have been related to large and reflective sail
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I think it’s implied that large and reflective sail would help increase velocity which would benefit more from reduced weight of the spacecraft. Also if you look at later passages, it’s explicitly specified -

For interplanetary missions, the consistent acceleration over time, without the need for fuel, could mean faster trips to distant planets or asteroids.

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I don’t quite agree with the solution. the need for onboard fuel doesn't increase the velocity. it only reduces the weight of the spacecraft. Larger velocities have been related to large and reflective sail
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bb why not C
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In the annals of space exploration, propulsion systems have largely been based on chemical reactions—rockets expelling mass at high speeds to generate thrust. However, the concept of solar sailing presents an entirely new paradigm, leveraging the momentum from photons emitted by the sun to propel spacecraft. This technique, while dating back to the 17th century in its theoretical form, has recently taken a more concrete shape with the advancement of technology.

The foundational principle of solar sailing relies on the idea that light, or photons, exert pressure on surfaces they encounter. This phenomenon, though minuscule, can be cumulative. Given a sufficiently large and reflective sail, a spacecraft could, in theory, be propelled to significant velocities, allowing for exploratory missions beyond what traditional propulsion methods could achieve. Moreover, solar sailing doesn't require onboard fuel, which can significantly reduce the weight of the spacecraft.

Solar sailing isn't merely an offshoot of fanciful space dreams. The initial idea was proposed by Johannes Kepler in the 17th century after observing comet tails being blown by what he believed to be a solar breeze. In the 20th century, famed scientist Carl Sagan championed the idea as a possible method for interstellar exploration. Today, with the marriage of lightweight materials and advanced engineering, prototype spacecraft have begun to test the viability of solar sails in actual space conditions.

The implications of successful solar sailing are profound. For interplanetary missions, the consistent acceleration over time, without the need for fuel, could mean faster trips to distant planets or asteroids. Interstellar travel, although still a concept of science fiction, could find a basis in solar sailing if the technology is paired with other advanced propulsion methods, such as using focused laser beams to impart additional momentum.

However, challenges persist. Building a sail that's both large enough to capture significant sunlight and lightweight enough to be practical is an engineering feat. Additionally, maneuverability remains a concern, as solar sails rely heavily on the direction and intensity of the sun's rays. As space agencies and private enterprises continue to refine the technology, the dream of solar sailing may yet become a reality, reshaping the future of space exploration.


It can be inferred from the passage that:

A. Johannes Kepler had developed a prototype of a solar sail.
B. The need for onboard fuel is a limitation in achieving significant speeds in space exploration.
C. Carl Sagan was the first to conceptualize solar sailing.
D. Maneuverability is an advantage offered by solar sailing.
E. All space agencies are in favor of transitioning to solar sailing.
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Hi,

Pay attention to the wording nuance:
- The initial idea was proposed by Johannes Kepler (solar sailing)
- Carl Sagan championed the idea as a possible method for interstellar exploration

>> Nowhere does it say that Carl Sagan was the first to conceptualize solar sailing. That is a misrepresentation of the facts in the passage. Hope this is clear now!
nihilre
bb why not C

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I rejected B, because it says "limitation achieving significant speeds"

Current speed can be significant already. The passage merely says that we could have faster speeds (presumably faster than current speeds) without the need to carry fuel.

>Can someone help!?
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I rejected B, because it says "limitation achieving significant speeds"

Current speed can be significant already. The passage merely says that we could have faster speeds (presumably faster than current speeds) without the need to carry fuel.

>Can someone help!?
“Significant” here means as high as possible, not “already fast.” Since the passage says removing fuel (via solar sailing) allows higher speeds, it implies carrying fuel limits further speed gains, that’s the inference in B.
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