The causal relationship between economic growth and financial market development has been the subject of intensive theoretical and empirical studies. The question is whether financial market development produces economic growth or the arrow of causation points in the other direction.
The recent revival of interest in the link between financial development and growth stems mainly from the insights and techniques of internally originated growth models, which have shown that there can be self-sustaining growth without externally originated technical progress and that the growth rate can be related to preferences, technology, income distribution and institutional arrangements. This provides the theoretical underpinning that early contributors lacked: financial intermediation can be shown to have not only level effects but also growth effects.
Pagano suggests three ways in which, under the basic internally fueled growth model, the development of the financial sector might affect economic growth. First, it can increase the productivity of investments. Second, an efficient financial sector reduces transaction costs and thus increases the share of savings channeled into productive investments. (An efficient financial sector improves the liquidity of investments.) Third, financial sector development can either promote or reduce savings.
According to the passage, Pagano believes that developments in the financial sector can decrease
A. the productivity of investments
B. the liquidity of investments
C. the efficiency of economic growth
D. the number of transactions
E. savings