ManhattanReview
I am assuming that you are a re-applicant who did not get into the school(s) of their choice. As for re-using the essays that did not work last year, why on earth would you want to use the same essays again this year. Also, although schools say they will not reference your application from prior years - do not believe them. Admissions will pull your entire application from last year to see what is different in your candidacy between the two years and if they see the same essays, then they will assume that nothing has changed. Further, it will send the message to admissions that you did not care enough to re-write your essays (in other terms that you were lazy).
As a general rule, if you are re-applying to a school - write the entire application over again and make sure you showcase what is different between your candidacy last year and your candidacy this year. It is actually a lot harder to apply as a re-applicant so you will have to put in a little bit of extra time, effort and energy.
Kimberly Plaga
Senior Admissions Consultant
Manhattan Review
I disagree with this specific quote
As for re-using the essays that did not work last year, why on earth would you want to use the same essays again this year. . Firstly, a person may have not made it to a program because: a) the class was just too competitive and they lost out, b) The essay themes were fine but not deeply probed, OR c) The essays were good but the GMAT/GPA/Work Experience etc. made them less attractive than someone else. Of course, this is not an exhaustive list and one of the other core reasons could be that your essays sucked.
However, the quote above is an extreme. You may just need to rewrite your essays much better or may need to explore new themes - both are plausible cases. As per the suggestion above, you should then specify new goals also - how do you think the school will interpret that then, especially if there is no strong evidence as to why your goals changed. In my opinion, and I too am a reapplicant at a couple of schools, you should recylce your essays - not reuse them. The latter means using an essay as is once again, and that won't fly. But if you strongly believe in a particular theme for an essay, recycle it - write the essay better, delve deeper and include more examples, connect it better to your goals etc. Also, recycling all 3 or 4 essays is probably not a good idea - bring a whiff of freshness in your app. However, if there is that 1, even 2, essay theme that you want to write about again, by all means go ahead and do it.
Hope this is helpful.