Hi krans10
Although the Democratic party entered the 104th Congress in 1995 with five more Senators than
they had in the 103rd Congress, they would soon lose two Senators with the defections of both Richard Shelby of Alabama and Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado to the Republican party.
(A)they had in the 103rd Congress, they
Wrong. "Democratic party" is singular ==> pronoun "they" is incorrect.
(B)they had for the 103rd Congress, they
Wrong. "Democratic party" is singular ==> pronoun "they" is incorrect.
(C)its 103rd Congress had had, it
Wrong. - "Congress" means a formal assembly of representatives. "its" is possessive form ==> "its 103rd Congress" is wrong because Democratic party cannot possess the Congress. (Logical problem).
- Past perfect tense is not necessary. The sentence is a normal reporting sentence, so past tense is correct. Do not use the perfect tenses when the simple tenses can do. The GMAT prefers simplicity.
(D)in the 103rd Congress, they
Wrong. "Democratic party" is singular ==> pronoun "they" is incorrect.
(E)in the 103rd Congress, it
Correct. - The comparison is: Democratic party entered the 104th Congress with five more Senators than [the number of Senators with which Democratic party entered] in 103rd Congress.
- Pronoun "it" refers to "Democratic party" correctly.
Hope it helps.