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Upon receiving a summons for fare evasions or other traffic violations, the law requires paying the fine immediately or having a hearing.

The bold part should LOGICALLY modify the offender.

A the law requires paying the fine immediately or having a hearing
B the law requires that the fine is paid immediately or a hearing is held
C the law requires the immediate payment of the fine or a hearing
D the offender must meet the law's requirement of the fine being paid immediately or a hearing
E the offender is required by law to pay the fine immediately or have a hearing
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What is the first part ‘Upon receiving… violations’ supposed to modify? It has to modify the subject of the clause. In this case, the subject is ‘the offender.’

Eliminate Options A, B, and C since the modifier is incorrectly modifying 'the law'.

Now you have narrowed it down to Options D and E.

(D) the offender must meet the law's requirement of the fine being paid immediately or a hearing
This is awkward and confusing construction – ‘the law’s requirement of the fine being paid’ is wordy. Eliminate.

(E) the offender is required by law to pay the fine immediately or have a hearing
This option is concise and clear. The modifier error is rectified here. This is the best option.

Hope this helps!
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paidlukkha
Upon receiving a summons for fare evasions or other traffic violations, the law requires paying the fine immediately or having a hearing.
A the law requires paying the fine immediately or having a hearing
B the law requires that the fine is paid immediately or a hearing is held
C the law requires the immediate payment of the fine or a hearing
D the offender must meet the law's requirement of the fine being paid immediately or a hearing
E the offender is required by law to pay the fine immediately or have a hearing

Split-1
"Upon receiving a summons for fare evasions or other traffic violations" - Who receive a summons? the law or the offender.
Off course the offender. Eliminate A, B & C

Between D & E, E is precise and to the point. D is having parallelism error.

IMO E
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