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24 Oct 2020, 23:58
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Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
79% (01:32) correct
21%
(01:41)
wrong
based on 186
sessions
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In an effort to understand climate change and rising sea levels, scientists studied and researched samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level rose by an increase of 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
A) scientists studied and researched samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level rose by an increase of 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
B) scientists studied samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
C) scientists studied coral samples, discovering that the growth of the ocean level went up 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
D) scientists studied samples of coral, thereby discovering the rise of the ocean level by an increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
E) samples of coral were studied and researched by scientists, who discovered that the ocean level rose by 46 to 60 more feet 14,650 years ago.
A) scientists studied and researched samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level rose by an increase of 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
B) scientists studied samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
C) scientists studied coral samples, discovering that the growth of the ocean level went up 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
D) scientists studied samples of coral, thereby discovering the rise of the ocean level by an increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
E) samples of coral were studied and researched by scientists, who discovered that the ocean level rose by 46 to 60 more feet 14,650 years ago.
25 Oct 2020, 00:01
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OFFICIAL EXPLANATION
THE PROMPT
In order to understand the relationship between climate change and rising sea levels, scientists studied samples of coral and discovered that 14,650 years ago, the ocean's water level increased by 46 to 60 feet.
• Concepts tested
→ misplaced modifiers
Who wants to understand the relationship between climate change and rising sea levels?
-- Scientists. People are nouns. The introductory phrase is a noun modifier.
-- Under the Modifier "Touch" Rule, a modifier must be as close as possible to the noun that it modifies.
-- In other words, right after we read about "In an effort to understand," we should be reading about who is trying to understand.
-- This intro phrase is called a "prepositional phrase."
Prepositional phrases are among the most versatile of modifiers. (See my post, here about how six types of intro phrases work).
→ redundancy
THE OPTIONS
• studied and researched are redundant
• rose and increase are redundant; both indicate upward movement
ELIMINATE A
• I see no errors
• the phrase increased 46 to 60 feet may sound strange or abrupt, but it is correct.
→ we can say that something increased XYZ feet or that something increased by XYZ feet. The latter is more common, but both phrases are standard.
KEEP
• the growth of the ocean level went up is redundant
Both went up and growth indicate an upward movement
• nothing is wrong with "discovering."
→ present participles (verbINGs) can be used to modify the entire preceding clause or the subject of that clause
". . . discovering that the growth of the ocean level . . . " modifies or refers either to the scientists or to what happened when scientists studied coral samples.
→ although these modifiers are often a result of the previous clause, the modifiers are not required to be a result.
In this case, the "discovering . . . " modifier is a "result" of the previous clause, albeit in a casual way.
ELIMINATE C
• rise and increased are redundant; as in option C, both words express an upward movement
• this "discovering" modifier is just as acceptable as the one in option C
ELIMINATE D
• studied and researched are redundant
ELIMINATE E
The best answer is B.
COMMENTS
KrissyB , I agree with you that the absence of "by" in option B sounds strange.
As I explained above, the usage is option B is both acceptable and less common than "increase by."
Alternatively, we can do exactly as you did: eliminate the worst four answers and accept the least bad answer. In this case, the latter is (B).
These answers are really good.
Your lucky peers who follow and read these posts will be (or should be) grateful.
Nicely done.
Project SC Butler: Sentence Correction (SC1)
THE PROMPT
Quote:
• Meaning?
In order to understand the relationship between climate change and rising sea levels, scientists studied samples of coral and discovered that 14,650 years ago, the ocean's water level increased by 46 to 60 feet.
• Concepts tested
→ misplaced modifiers
Who wants to understand the relationship between climate change and rising sea levels?
-- Scientists. People are nouns. The introductory phrase is a noun modifier.
-- Under the Modifier "Touch" Rule, a modifier must be as close as possible to the noun that it modifies.
-- In other words, right after we read about "In an effort to understand," we should be reading about who is trying to understand.
-- This intro phrase is called a "prepositional phrase."
Prepositional phrases are among the most versatile of modifiers. (See my post, here about how six types of intro phrases work).
→ redundancy
THE OPTIONS
Quote:
• studied and researched are redundant
• rose and increase are redundant; both indicate upward movement
ELIMINATE A
Quote:
• I see no errors
• the phrase increased 46 to 60 feet may sound strange or abrupt, but it is correct.
→ we can say that something increased XYZ feet or that something increased by XYZ feet. The latter is more common, but both phrases are standard.
KEEP
Quote:
• the growth of the ocean level went up is redundant
Both went up and growth indicate an upward movement
• nothing is wrong with "discovering."
→ present participles (verbINGs) can be used to modify the entire preceding clause or the subject of that clause
". . . discovering that the growth of the ocean level . . . " modifies or refers either to the scientists or to what happened when scientists studied coral samples.
→ although these modifiers are often a result of the previous clause, the modifiers are not required to be a result.
In this case, the "discovering . . . " modifier is a "result" of the previous clause, albeit in a casual way.
ELIMINATE C
Quote:
• rise and increased are redundant; as in option C, both words express an upward movement
• this "discovering" modifier is just as acceptable as the one in option C
ELIMINATE D
Quote:
• Samples were not on a quest to understand climate change and rising ocean levels—we have a misplaced modifier
• studied and researched are redundant
ELIMINATE E
The best answer is B.
COMMENTS
KrissyB , I agree with you that the absence of "by" in option B sounds strange.
As I explained above, the usage is option B is both acceptable and less common than "increase by."
Alternatively, we can do exactly as you did: eliminate the worst four answers and accept the least bad answer. In this case, the latter is (B).
These answers are really good.
Your lucky peers who follow and read these posts will be (or should be) grateful.
Nicely done.
A) scientists studied and researched samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level rose by an increase of 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
rose and increase both together seem redundant
also studied and researched .. and discovered seems awkward. Moreover studied and researched seem redundant here.
B) scientists studied samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Correct
C) scientists studied coral samples, discovering that the growth of the ocean level went up 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
growth and went up seem redundant.
up would have made sense with growth rate not growth. growth can never be downward I believe,
D) scientists studied samples of coral, thereby discovering the rise of the ocean level by an increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
The part after comma does not make any sense
Though increased and rise using both are redundant, still eliminating one would not make the sentence correct.
We need a that after discovering else discovering the rise thousand years ago seems illogical.
E) samples of coral were studied and researched by scientists, who discovered that the ocean level rose by 46 to 60 more feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
more feet than what.
also the passive structure make it less concise.
Incorrect
rose and increase both together seem redundant
also studied and researched .. and discovered seems awkward. Moreover studied and researched seem redundant here.
B) scientists studied samples of coral and discovered that the ocean level increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Correct
C) scientists studied coral samples, discovering that the growth of the ocean level went up 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
growth and went up seem redundant.
up would have made sense with growth rate not growth. growth can never be downward I believe,
D) scientists studied samples of coral, thereby discovering the rise of the ocean level by an increased 46 to 60 feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
The part after comma does not make any sense
Though increased and rise using both are redundant, still eliminating one would not make the sentence correct.
We need a that after discovering else discovering the rise thousand years ago seems illogical.
E) samples of coral were studied and researched by scientists, who discovered that the ocean level rose by 46 to 60 more feet 14,650 years ago.
Incorrect
more feet than what.
also the passive structure make it less concise.
