It is certain that the Neanderthal could speak. Paleontologists have

Question

It is certain that the Neanderthal could speak. Paleontologists have found a Neanderthal skeleton with a hyoid bone virtually identical to hyoid bones in humans. The hyoid bone is a small bone that connects the tongue and the larynx and allows a wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements.

The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most closely matched by which of the following?

A. Most animals have eyes. Thus, the new species of fish just discovered must have eyes.

B. People are able to live in most climates on earth. The discovery of a skeleton in the Arctic indicates that some people are not able to live in all climates.

C. Cattle have four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers. This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.

D. Plants use photosynthesis to manufacture food by absorbing the light of the sun. Therefore, any plant that has existed uses photosynthesis to eat.

E. No snakes have legs. Because the bones discovered by scientists have legs, they are not the bones of a snake.

Source: McGraw-Hill's GMAT

gvij2017 · Answer

C. Cattle have four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers. This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.

After aligning it along the stimulus.
Mammal must eat plant fibers. 
mammals and cattle have four chambered stomachs. 
four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers.

C must be answer.

prathi123 · Answer

A. Most animals have eyes. Thus, the new species of fish just discovered must have eyes.

B. People are able to live in most climates on earth. The discovery of a skeleton in the Arctic indicates that some people are not able to live in all climates.

C. Cattle have four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers. This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.

D. Plants use photosynthesis to manufacture food by absorbing the light of the sun. Therefore, any plant that has existed uses photosynthesis to eat.

E. No snakes have legs. Because the bones discovered by scientists have legs, they are not the bones of a snake. correct

Ans should be E

sumitkrocks · Answer

Argument is like A must speak as x in A is like x in humans.. Added info about that x..

Structure is like anytng that has x can speak..

I think D matches the similar reasoning 
Hence ,I will vote for D.

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SonalSinha803 · Answer

The argument says Neanderthal could speak because they have X. Since, humans have X and use them to speak, Neanderthal also should have spoken.

A. Most animals have eyes. Thus, the new species of fish just discovered must have eyes. - does not match with the pattern.

B. People are able to live in most climates on earth. The discovery of a skeleton in the Arctic indicates that some people are not able to live in all climates. - does not match.

C. //Cattle have four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers.//(it is like humans have X which allows them to speak.) //This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.//( It is like Neanderthal also have X, so they must have used it to speak). - looks good.

D. Plants use photosynthesis to manufacture food by absorbing the light of the sun. Therefore, any plant that has existed uses photosynthesis to ((eat.)) - incorrect.

E. No snakes have legs. Because the bones discovered by scientists have legs, they are not the bones of a snake. - incorrect.

Thus, C is best.

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prinka14 · Answer

It is certain that the Neanderthal could speak. Paleontologists have found a Neanderthal skeleton with a hyoid bone virtually identical to hyoid bones in humans. The hyoid bone is a small bone that connects the tongue and the larynx and allows a wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements.

The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most closely matched by which of the following?

A. Most animals have eyes. Thus, the new species of fish just discovered must have eyes.

B. People are able to live in most climates on earth. The discovery of a skeleton in the Arctic indicates that some people are not able to live in all climates.

C. Cattle have four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers. This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.

D. Plants use photosynthesis to manufacture food by absorbing the light of the sun. Therefore, any plant that has existed uses photosynthesis to eat.

E. No snakes have legs. Because the bones discovered by scientists have legs, they are not the bones of a snake.

Premise 1: Paleontologists have found a Neanderthal skeleton with a hyoid bone virtually identical to hyoid bones in humans. 
Premise 2: The hyoid bone is a small bone that connects the tongue and the larynx and allows a wider range of tongue and laryngeal movements.
Conclusion: It is certain that the Neanderthal could speak
Pattern of Reason is P1 + P2 is causing C

Similarly, C. Cattle have four chambered stomachs that allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers. This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.

P1: Cattle have four chambered stomachs 
P2: allow them to eat hard to digest plant fibers. 
Conclusion: This recently discovered mammal has a four chambered stomach, so it must eat plant fibers.

DishaAgarwal12 · Answer

Why is E incorrect? it uses the contra positive but the same line of reasoning

miag · Answer

Hi,

Let's break it down: 
The pattern of reasoning in the original question passage is: If a feature enables a function, and another subject has that same feature, then it likely has that function.

If X → not Y, then Y → not X (this is what E) follows, while it is valid, it doesn't follow the pattern reasoning as in the original passage)

Hope this helps!

It is certain that the Neanderthal could speak. Paleontologists have

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It is certain that the Neanderthal could speak. Paleontologists have

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