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04 Oct 2019, 10:20
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64% (02:25) correct
36%
(02:34)
wrong
based on 396
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The extremely high incidence of birth defects and cancer among children in Tellersville, Nevada, has long been suspected to be linked to the nuclear-weapons facility in which nearly three-quarters of the town's population works. It now appears, however, that the town's water supply, tainted by the discharges of a nearby plastics factory, is to blame for the town's health problems. Scientists have studied two groups of rodents. One group was exposed to the same level of radiation present at the nuclear-weapons facility but given pure water. The other was exposed to no radiation but given tainted water from Tellersville. The latter group showed an incidence of cancer and birth defects ten times higher than normal and six times higher than that of the pure water group.
Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion that Tellersville's water supply is responsible for the town's health problems?
A. Nuclear radiation is not a cause of birth defects and cancer among humans.
B. While radiation tends to affect all mammals in similar ways, the toxins present in Tellersville's water supply have very different effects on rodents or other mammals.
C. Water from a new source would help Tellersville prevent future health risks.
D. Long-term exposure to toxins in the water supply in combination with exposure to radiation may significantly increase the incidence of birth defects and cancer among children.
E. Certain toxins in the water supply of Tellersville are likely to have served to protect those drinking it from some of the harmful effects of radiation.
Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion that Tellersville's water supply is responsible for the town's health problems?
A. Nuclear radiation is not a cause of birth defects and cancer among humans.
B. While radiation tends to affect all mammals in similar ways, the toxins present in Tellersville's water supply have very different effects on rodents or other mammals.
C. Water from a new source would help Tellersville prevent future health risks.
D. Long-term exposure to toxins in the water supply in combination with exposure to radiation may significantly increase the incidence of birth defects and cancer among children.
E. Certain toxins in the water supply of Tellersville are likely to have served to protect those drinking it from some of the harmful effects of radiation.
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04 Nov 2019, 06:25
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The extremely high incidence of birth defects and cancer among children in Tellersville, Nevada, has long been suspected to be linked to the nuclear-weapons facility in which nearly three-quarters of the town's population works. It now appears, however, that the town's water supply, tainted by the discharges of a nearby plastics factory, is to blame for the town's health problems. Scientists have studied two groups of rodents. One group was exposed to the same level of radiation present at the nuclear-weapons facility but given pure water. The other was exposed to no radiation but given tainted water from Tellersville. The latter group showed an incidence of cancer and birth defects ten times higher than normal and six times higher than that of the pure water group.
conclusion: tainted water supply is the reason for health problems and not radiation from the nuclear weapons facility
reason/evidence : experiment on the two groups of rodents
underlying assumption : the effects on rodents can be compared to humans!
to weaken the prompt we must undermine the study and prove that it is the nuclear weapons facility that is the major reason for the health problems!
A. Nuclear radiation is not a cause of birth defects and cancer among humans.-- strengthens the argument-180!
B. While radiation tends to affect all mammals in similar ways, the toxins present in Tellersville's water supply have very different effects on rodents or other mammals.- CORRECT!
option B undermines the study conducted! and states that the study cannot apply to humans!- in line with our reasoning!
C. Water from a new source would help Tellersville prevent future health risks.- we need to undermine the conclusion, not find solutions for the future!- irrelevant!
D. Long-term exposure to toxins in the water supply in combination with exposure to radiation may significantly increase the incidence of birth defects and cancer among children.---- This statements still proves that the toxins in the water supply plays a big part.- wrong!
E. Certain toxins in the water supply of Tellersville are likely to have served to protect those drinking it from some of the harmful effects of radiation.--- this option still doesn't prove that radiation from the nuclear facilities is the major cause for the health problem or undermine the study conducted!- wrong!
conclusion: tainted water supply is the reason for health problems and not radiation from the nuclear weapons facility
reason/evidence : experiment on the two groups of rodents
underlying assumption : the effects on rodents can be compared to humans!
to weaken the prompt we must undermine the study and prove that it is the nuclear weapons facility that is the major reason for the health problems!
A. Nuclear radiation is not a cause of birth defects and cancer among humans.-- strengthens the argument-180!
B. While radiation tends to affect all mammals in similar ways, the toxins present in Tellersville's water supply have very different effects on rodents or other mammals.- CORRECT!
option B undermines the study conducted! and states that the study cannot apply to humans!- in line with our reasoning!
C. Water from a new source would help Tellersville prevent future health risks.- we need to undermine the conclusion, not find solutions for the future!- irrelevant!
D. Long-term exposure to toxins in the water supply in combination with exposure to radiation may significantly increase the incidence of birth defects and cancer among children.---- This statements still proves that the toxins in the water supply plays a big part.- wrong!
E. Certain toxins in the water supply of Tellersville are likely to have served to protect those drinking it from some of the harmful effects of radiation.--- this option still doesn't prove that radiation from the nuclear facilities is the major cause for the health problem or undermine the study conducted!- wrong!
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