Premise : Every political unrest (Ui) has a some unknown person or persons (Pi) behind it.
Conclusion : All political unrest (All U) has a single person(P) behind it.
Ques - The flawed reasoning in the argument above most closely parallels that in which one of the following
Pre-thinking - This argument be represented as :
Since, Every Ui has an associated Pi --. Ui <=> Pi
Thus, all Ui has a common association P, which means all -- all Ui <=> P or
Pi = P.. The bold text is the flaw.
Let's analyse the options :
(A) Every Chicago driver has a number on his or her license, so the number on some Chicago driver’s license is the exact average of the numbers on all Chicago drivers’ licenses. -
Incorrect. Lets Use the representations to understand the statement : Since,
every driver; Di <=> License Number (Ni). Thus, some of Ni = avg (No. on all Ni). Not the parallel comparison.
(B) Every telephone number in North America has an area code, so there must be at least as many area codes as telephone numbers in North America. -
Incorrect. Lets Use the representations to understand the statement : Since,
every Telephone Number (Ti) <=> Area Code (Ci). Thus, No. of Ti = No. of Ci. Not the parallel comparison.
(C) Every citizen of Edmonton has a social insurance number, so there must be one number that is the social insurance number for all citizens of Edmonton. -
Correct. Lets Use the representations to understand the statement : Since,
every citizen (Ci) <=> Social Insurance Number (Si). Thus, all Ci <=> S or Si = S. . Similar comparison flaw as made in the argument.
(D) Every loss of a single hair is insignificant, so no one who has a full head of hair at twenty ever becomes bald. -
Incorrect. Lets Use the representations to understand the statement : Since,
every loss of a single hair (Li) is insignificant. Thus, 20 yr old person who has full hair never becomes bald. Totally different comaprison and conslusion. Also,
the loss of each hair is not linked to an unique entity.(E) Every moment in Vladimir’s life is followed by a later moment in Vladimir’s life, so Vladimir’s life will never end. -
Incorrect. Lets Use the representations to understand the statement : Since,
every previous moment (Pi) is linked to next moment (Pi+1). So, sequence Pi will never end. Totally different comaprison and conslusion.