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The argument makes a classic "Average vs. Individual" error. Just because an average is high (150 miles), it does not mean that the majority of individuals hit a certain threshold (100 miles).

Example:
Person A: Drives 600 miles (The outlier)
Person B: Drives 0 miles
Person C: Drives 0 miles
Person D: Drives 0 miles

The Calculation:
Total miles = 600.
Average = 600 / 4 = 150 miles

The Flaw:
Even though the average is 150 miles, it is false to say that "most" people drive at least 100 miles.

Ans B

ExpertsGlobal5
News anchor: The average resident of the state’s four major cities drives 150 miles per month, and most of the state’s residents live in these four cities. Moreover, the average distance driven by the residents of the state tends to remain stable from one month to the next. Therefore, most of the state’s residents drive at least 100 miles each month.

The argument presented by the news anchor is most susceptible to which of the following criticisms?

A. It reaches a conclusion for the entire state on the basis of data from just four cities.
B. It fails to consider the possibility that even if, on average, a certain distance is driven by the people within a certain group, many of those in the group may not drive at all.
C. It confuses a claim that would necessarily lead to the argument’s conclusion about the state’s residents with a claim that would only be highly likely to follow from the argument’s conclusion regarding the state’s residents.
D. It ignores the possibility that the residents of the cities may be driving outside of city limits.
E. It fails to consider the possibility that even if most residents of the state drive at least 100 miles each month, any given resident may not drive at all in some months.

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ExpertsGlobal5
News anchor: The average resident of the state’s four major cities drives 150 miles per month, and most of the state’s residents live in these four cities. Moreover, the average distance driven by the residents of the state tends to remain stable from one month to the next. Therefore, most of the state’s residents drive at least 100 miles each month.

The argument presented by the news anchor is most susceptible to which of the following criticisms?

A. It reaches a conclusion for the entire state on the basis of data from just four cities.
B. It fails to consider the possibility that even if, on average, a certain distance is driven by the people within a certain group, many of those in the group may not drive at all.
C. It confuses a claim that would necessarily lead to the argument’s conclusion about the state’s residents with a claim that would only be highly likely to follow from the argument’s conclusion regarding the state’s residents.
D. It ignores the possibility that the residents of the cities may be driving outside of city limits.
E. It fails to consider the possibility that even if most residents of the state drive at least 100 miles each month, any given resident may not drive at all in some months.
B is the best choice.

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