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|A ∪ B ∪ C| = |A| + |B| + |C| - |A ∩ B| - |B ∩ C| - |A ∩ C| - 2|A ∩ B ∩ C|
50 = 30 + 40 + 20 - |A ∩ B| - |B ∩ C| - |A ∩ C| - 20
|A ∩ B| + |B ∩ C| + |A ∩ C| = 20

at least 2 characteristics means 2 or more
|A ∩ B| + |B ∩ C| + |A ∩ C| + |A ∩ B ∩ C|
20 + 10 = 30
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consider this with an analogy of chocolate distribution.

We have 50 unique members, 10 have all 3 features so remaining members will be 40.
x+2y+3z=90 total no. of features.
x+2y= 60

We have 40 unique members remaining and 60 features. Consider this as a chocolate dist. project where 1st we give 40 chocolates to 40 members each and we still have 20 chocolates remaining, so we are able to hand 1 chocolate each to 20 people (as the no. of people with 3 features =10, we cannot distribute more than 1chocolate to any person).

Similarly in this case no., of members having 2 features: 20

Atleast 2: 20 +10 = 30
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