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Last year the worldwide paper industry used over twice as much fresh pulp (pulp made directly from raw plant fibers) as recycled pulp (pulp made from wastepaper). A paper industry analyst has projected that by 2010 the industry will use at least as much recycled pulp annually as it does fresh pulp, while using a greater quantity of fresh pulp than it did last year.
If the information above is correct and the analyst's projections prove to be accurate, which of the following projections must also be accurate.
A. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year
B. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much total pulp as it did last year.
C. In 2010 the paper industry will produce more paper from a given amount of pulp than it did last year.
D. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make more paper that contains only recycled pulp.
E. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make less paper that contains only fresh pulp.
If the information above is correct and the analyst's projections prove to be accurate, which of the following projections must also be accurate.
A. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year
B. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much total pulp as it did last year.
C. In 2010 the paper industry will produce more paper from a given amount of pulp than it did last year.
D. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make more paper that contains only recycled pulp.
E. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make less paper that contains only fresh pulp.
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jgomey
Hi,
Let's use numbers to understand the passage.
Last year,
Recycled Pulp used: 100 units
Fresh Pulp used: more than 200 units. For our discussion, let's take it to be 210.
In 2010,
Fresh Pulp used: 220 (greater than last year)
Recycled Pulp: more than 220 (at least equal to fresh pulp in 2010)
So, as we can see, clearly option A is the answer choice.
Choice B does not hold in the numbers we used.
Hope this helps
Let me know in case any clarification is required.
-Chiranjeev
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General Discussion
Posts: 101
jgomey
IMO: A.
Last year, amount of fresh pulp is twice that of recycled pulp.
Company says that it will use recycled pulp in the same amount as that of fresh pulp.
Company is not reducing amount of fresh pulp used.So to comply with the above condition, company needs to double the usage of recycled pulp at least.
For example,
Given, Last year, Company used
Recycled pulp used= 1 K tons (Lets' say)
Fresh pulp used =>2 K tons.
In 2010, Company will use at least as much recycled pulp annually as it does fresh pulp, while using a greater quantity of fresh pulp than it did last year.
So, Keeping the amount of fresh >= 2 K tons, Amount of recycled pulp needs to be at least doubled to reach at the level of fresh pulp.
Only Option A makes sense with this analysis.
[quote="jgomey"]Last year the worldwide paper industry used over twice as much fresh pulp (pulp made directly from raw plant fibers) as recycled pulp (pulp made from wastepaper). A paper industry analyst has projected that by 2010 the industry will use at least as much recycled pulp annually as it does fresh pulp, while using a greater quantity of fresh pulp than it did last year.
If the information above is correct and the analyst's projections prove to be accurate, which of the following projections must also be accurate.
A. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year
B. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much total pulp as it did last year.
C. In 2010 the paper industry will produce more paper from a given amount of pulp than it did last year. OFS
D. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make more paper that contains only recycled pulp.
. OFS. Strong word "only"
E. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make less paper that contains only fresh pulp.
OFS. Strong word "only".
TO choose between A & B. i assume no.'s as mentioned in above post and got A as IMO
If the information above is correct and the analyst's projections prove to be accurate, which of the following projections must also be accurate.
A. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year
B. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much total pulp as it did last year.
C. In 2010 the paper industry will produce more paper from a given amount of pulp than it did last year. OFS
D. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make more paper that contains only recycled pulp.
. OFS. Strong word "only"
E. As compared with last year, in 2010 the paper industry will make less paper that contains only fresh pulp.
OFS. Strong word "only".
TO choose between A & B. i assume no.'s as mentioned in above post and got A as IMO
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The problem with D and E is that we can't deduce how much pulp actually goes into making the paper. We just know that more pulp is used.
MartyTargetTestPrep
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dcummins
Actually, even if we assume that all of the pulp used is made into paper, (D) and (E) are not supported, because we are not given any information on composition of paper made. So, we have no idea how much paper is made or even whether any paper is made with either ONLY fresh pulp or ONLY recycled pulp.
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Hi Experts I have a doubt GMATNinja GMATNinjaTwo AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma
I correctly narrowed it down to option A, BUT there is something about option A that I want clarity on. (i know i am not supposed to end sentences with a preposition - sentence correction mode active
)
The first line of the paragraph says "Last year the worldwide paper industry used over twice as much fresh pulp (pulp made directly from raw plant fibers) as recycled pulp (pulp made from wastepaper)".... doesn't over twice mean more than double?
let us say that last year, 10 units of recycled pulp were used. So going by "over twice" part, greater than (not greater than or equal to) 20 units of fresh pulp must have been used. This means that in 2010, the amount of fresh pulp, as per the stimulus, will be "greater than [greater than 20]", and thus the amount of recycled pulp for 2010 will be "greater than or equal to [greater than 20]"
Now option A says " In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year". By definition we know that at least basically means greater than or equal to. So this option is saying that if 10 units of recycled pulp was used the last year, then in 2010 20 units or more will be used. BUT with the information we have in the stimulus and as per my understanding of the statement/phrase - over twice as much, what option A is saying is not entirely true as shown with the numbers above in my previous paragraph. The amount of recycled fresh pulp that will be used in 2010 should be just "greater than", not "greater than or equal to [greater than 20-amount of fresh pulp used last year]". So what I am trying to say is that the "greater than part" is absolutely true without a doubt as per all the information that we have, but if I am right about my understand of the phrase "over twice" is correct, then saying that the amount of recycled pulp will be at least twice won't be correct as the "equal to" part of "greater than or equal to" hasn't been taken care of, even though the "greater than" part is absolutely fine.
so what am I missing ? is it the "as much" part of "more than twice as much" that makes the phrase "more than twice as much" mean greater than or equal to twice?
I correctly narrowed it down to option A, BUT there is something about option A that I want clarity on. (i know i am not supposed to end sentences with a preposition - sentence correction mode active
) The first line of the paragraph says "Last year the worldwide paper industry used over twice as much fresh pulp (pulp made directly from raw plant fibers) as recycled pulp (pulp made from wastepaper)".... doesn't over twice mean more than double?
let us say that last year, 10 units of recycled pulp were used. So going by "over twice" part, greater than (not greater than or equal to) 20 units of fresh pulp must have been used. This means that in 2010, the amount of fresh pulp, as per the stimulus, will be "greater than [greater than 20]", and thus the amount of recycled pulp for 2010 will be "greater than or equal to [greater than 20]"
Now option A says " In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year". By definition we know that at least basically means greater than or equal to. So this option is saying that if 10 units of recycled pulp was used the last year, then in 2010 20 units or more will be used. BUT with the information we have in the stimulus and as per my understanding of the statement/phrase - over twice as much, what option A is saying is not entirely true as shown with the numbers above in my previous paragraph. The amount of recycled fresh pulp that will be used in 2010 should be just "greater than", not "greater than or equal to [greater than 20-amount of fresh pulp used last year]". So what I am trying to say is that the "greater than part" is absolutely true without a doubt as per all the information that we have, but if I am right about my understand of the phrase "over twice" is correct, then saying that the amount of recycled pulp will be at least twice won't be correct as the "equal to" part of "greater than or equal to" hasn't been taken care of, even though the "greater than" part is absolutely fine.
so what am I missing ? is it the "as much" part of "more than twice as much" that makes the phrase "more than twice as much" mean greater than or equal to twice?
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Expert reply
goaltop30mba
Hi goaltop30mba,
1. Last year: F + R
1a. F ≥ 2R {"last year... twice as much fresh pulp (F) as recycled pulp (R)"}
2. By 2010: Fa + Ra
2a. Ra ≥ Fa {"by 2010 the industry will use at least as much recycled pulp (Ra) annually as it does fresh pulp (Fa)"}
2b. Fa > F {"by 2010... while using a greater quantity of fresh pulp (Fa) than it did last year (F)"}
3. The minimum value of F is 2R (from 1a). This means that Fa > 2R (because Fa > F).
4. The minimum value of Ra is Fa (from 2a). This means that Ra > 2R.
Now for your question. Let's say that you made a prediction "last year", that Ra will be more than or equal to 2R by 2010. Your prediction would be correct if:
5a. Ra = 2R
or
5b. Ra > 2R
The actual outcome is, of course, 5b. But that doesn't mean that your prediction was not accurate. The only "fail" for your prediction would be Ra < 2R.
Also, don't worry about ending sentences with a preposition.
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goaltop30mba
Think about it - What if option (A) had said: In 2010 the paper industry will use more recycled pulp than it did last year.
Would you have a problem? No. Because it would be correct. We know that in 2010 the industry will use more than twice the amount it did last year.
"more than twice' is just a more specific case of "more". So amount of recycled pulp used will be more and that will stand true.
Similar is the case with "at least twice". "More than twice" is a specific case of "at least twice". If the amount used is actually more than twice, it sure is at least twice. So (A) is valid.
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Posts: 5
How did we come to the point that last year is a year before 2010? Please help.
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Hi shivenDhir let me try to pitch in
Last year the worldwide paper industry used over twice as much fresh pulp (pulp made directly from raw plant fibers) as recycled pulp (pulp made from wastepaper). A paper industry analyst has projected that by 2010 the industry will use at least as much recycled pulp annually as it does fresh pulp, while using a greater quantity of fresh pulp than it did last year.
Here the author has presented the timeline in below fashion, nothing more than that, also we dont know what year is the author's present year. We just have to look for the key element, we cant assume that last year is 2009 or 2008. Take it as a year which is before the year in which author is concluding about 2010, and 2010 will be after author present year
[Last Year]---- [Author's Present]----[The Year 2010].
If the information above is correct and the analyst's projections prove to be accurate, which of the following projections must also be accurate.
A. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year
Even the correct option didnt mentioned "a year" before 2010. It has stated the same timeline framing as stated above
So refrain from assuming unless otherwise stated in Inference. Hope this helps.
Last year the worldwide paper industry used over twice as much fresh pulp (pulp made directly from raw plant fibers) as recycled pulp (pulp made from wastepaper). A paper industry analyst has projected that by 2010 the industry will use at least as much recycled pulp annually as it does fresh pulp, while using a greater quantity of fresh pulp than it did last year.
Here the author has presented the timeline in below fashion, nothing more than that, also we dont know what year is the author's present year. We just have to look for the key element, we cant assume that last year is 2009 or 2008. Take it as a year which is before the year in which author is concluding about 2010, and 2010 will be after author present year
[Last Year]---- [Author's Present]----[The Year 2010].
If the information above is correct and the analyst's projections prove to be accurate, which of the following projections must also be accurate.
A. In 2010 the paper industry will use at least twice as much recycled pulp as it did last year
Even the correct option didnt mentioned "a year" before 2010. It has stated the same timeline framing as stated above
So refrain from assuming unless otherwise stated in Inference. Hope this helps.
ShivenDhir1
Posts: 5
This means I am just overthinking..
AbhishekP220108
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shivenDhir not overthinking I say... but try prethinking only what has been presented to us. Outside info can make us fall for trap. I am also biilding this habit of consciously thinking what only has been presented to us
ShivenDhir1
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I wanted to understand why B is not an answer choice we can consider
RaghavSapra
This is addressed in the very first post of this thread. Hope it helps.
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RaghavSapra
As per the argument we were only given the info about the fresh pulp and recycled pulp, even if one of them increased to atleast twice we cant say the same for total pulp, total pulp can still be lower than twice. So its incorrect
As per the argument we were only given the info about the fresh pulp and recycled pulp, even if one of them increased to atleast twice we cant say the same for total pulp, total pulp can still be lower than twice. So its incorrect
RaghavSapra
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