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In question 3, why answer is not B?

Hi dharam44,

B option states - (B) The Western Jackdaw belongs to the genus Coloeus.

B can be removed on the basis of the below excerpt from the passage -

Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus. In fact, one authority, the International Ornithological Congress, has recently reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus Corvus to the genus Coloeus.

The excerpt uses the terminology of possibly, which means the author is not sure of this classification but as per answer choice we have the word belongs which means that WJ is definitely a part of the genus, Coloeus.

Hence this proves why B is wrong.

Hope it helps :)

Edit - Adding one more thing. The above stated reason is also the cause why 'C' in 'Question 4' is wrong
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The Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), sometimes known as the Eurasian Jackdaw, European Jackdaw or simply Jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and North Africa, it is mostly resident, although northern and Eastern populations migrate south in winter. Four subspecies are recognized, which mainly differ in the coloration of the plumage on the head and nape. Carl Linnaeus first classified the bird and described it formally, giving it the name Corvus monedula because of the bird’s supposed fondness for picking up coins (monedula is Latin for money). Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus. In fact, one authority, the International Ornithological Congress, has recently reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus Corvus to the genus Coloeus.

Unlike many of its close relatives, the Western Jackdaw has a completely black-plumage with a grey nape and distinctive pale-grey irises. However, like those relatives, it is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings. An omnivorous and opportunistic feeder, it eats a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Western Jackdaws are monogamous (have only one mate at a time) and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws, and the average lifespan of the bird is approximately five years compared.


Q4: Which of the following can properly be inferred about Carl Linnaeus from the passage above?

(A) He was the first to discover the Western Jackdaw.
(B) He believed that the Western Jackdaw was fond of coins.
(C) His classification of the Western Jackdaw was wrong.
(D) His prior classifications do not always agree with current DNA data.
(E) He was a member of the International Ornithological Congress.


Dear Experts:
mikemcgarry IanStewart VeritasKarishma daagh EMPOWERgmatVerbal EMPOWERgmatRichC AjiteshArun nightblade354 walker DmitryFarber

In this question, option D means "prior classification". How can we be sure that the classifications point to the "bird classification" or some other classifications?
may be he classified some "fish" before he classified this bird. How do we know if the question is specifically referring to the "bird classification only"?
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akhil911
The Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), sometimes known as the Eurasian Jackdaw, European Jackdaw or simply Jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and North Africa, it is mostly resident, although northern and Eastern populations migrate south in winter. Four subspecies are recognized, which mainly differ in the coloration of the plumage on the head and nape. Carl Linnaeus first classified the bird and described it formally, giving it the name Corvus monedula because of the bird’s supposed fondness for picking up coins (monedula is Latin for money). Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus. In fact, one authority, the International Ornithological Congress, has recently reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus Corvus to the genus Coloeus.

Unlike many of its close relatives, the Western Jackdaw has a completely black-plumage with a grey nape and distinctive pale-grey irises. However, like those relatives, it is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings. An omnivorous and opportunistic feeder, it eats a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Western Jackdaws are monogamous (have only one mate at a time) and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws, and the average lifespan of the bird is approximately five years compared.


Q4: Which of the following can properly be inferred about Carl Linnaeus from the passage above?

(A) He was the first to discover the Western Jackdaw.
(B) He believed that the Western Jackdaw was fond of coins.
(C) His classification of the Western Jackdaw was wrong.
(D) His prior classifications do not always agree with current DNA data.
(E) He was a member of the International Ornithological Congress.


Dear Experts:
mikemcgarry IanStewart VeritasKarishma daagh EMPOWERgmatVerbal EMPOWERgmatRichC AjiteshArun nightblade354 walker DmitryFarber

In this question, option D means "prior classification". How can we be sure that the classifications point to the "bird classification" or some other classifications?
may be he classified some "fish" before he classified this bird. How do we know if the question is specifically referring to the "bird classification only"?

Doesn't matter how many distinct classifications he did. Prior classification means all prior classifications.
We see an example of one of his prior classification which does not agree with current DNA - Western Jackdaw from Corvus to Coloeus.

So we can infer that his prior classifications do not ALWAYS agree with current DNA data. They do not always agree, they may in some cases, may not in others. We have an example in which it doesn't so we can say that they don't agree always. Sometimes they may, sometimes they may not.
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The Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), sometimes known as the Eurasian Jackdaw, European Jackdaw or simply Jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and North Africa, it is mostly resident, although northern and Eastern populations migrate south in winter. Four subspecies are recognized, which mainly differ in the coloration of the plumage on the head and nape. Carl Linnaeus first classified the bird and described it formally, giving it the name Corvus monedula because of the bird’s supposed fondness for picking up coins (monedula is Latin for money). Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus. In fact, one authority, the International Ornithological Congress, has recently reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus Corvus to the genus Coloeus.

Unlike many of its close relatives, the Western Jackdaw has a completely black-plumage with a grey nape and distinctive pale-grey irises. However, like those relatives, it is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings. An omnivorous and opportunistic feeder, it eats a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Western Jackdaws are monogamous (have only one mate at a time) and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws, and the average lifespan of the bird is approximately five years compared.


Q4: Which of the following can properly be inferred about Carl Linnaeus from the passage above?

(A) He was the first to discover the Western Jackdaw.
(B) He believed that the Western Jackdaw was fond of coins.
(C) His classification of the Western Jackdaw was wrong.
(D) His prior classifications do not always agree with current DNA data.
(E) He was a member of the International Ornithological Congress.


Dear Experts:
mikemcgarry IanStewart VeritasKarishma daagh EMPOWERgmatVerbal EMPOWERgmatRichC AjiteshArun nightblade354 walker DmitryFarber

In this question, option D means "prior classification". How can we be sure that the classifications point to the "bird classification" or some other classifications?
may be he classified some "fish" before he classified this bird. How do we know if the question is specifically referring to the "bird classification only"?

Doesn't matter how many distinct classifications he did. Prior classification means all prior classifications.
We see an example of one of his prior classification which does not agree with current DNA - Western Jackdaw from Corvus to Coloeus.

So we can infer that his prior classifications do not ALWAYS agree with current DNA data. They do not always agree, they may in some cases, may not in others. We have an example in which it doesn't so we can say that they don't agree always. Sometimes they may, sometimes they may not.

Dear VeritasKarishma
Thank you for the explanation!
I agree that if one classification is incorrect, we can say that all classifications do not ALWAYS agree with correct DNA data. However, it seems I did not correctly articulate my doubt.
My doubt is more about use of the word "prior".
Prior means " a previous". Hence, doesn't this question focus on the classifications he did before the "Jackdaw bird" classification?
We do not have any information about "prior classification".
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Q3: Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage above?

(A) The Western Jackdaw eats more plant material and invertebrates than human food waste.
(B) The Western Jackdaw belongs to the genus Coloeus.
(C) The Western Jackdaw has only one mate throughout its lifespan.
(D) The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.
(E) The Western Jackdaw is more social than its close relatives.

In option D "The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.".
The below line doesn't suggest western jackdaw was able to fly sooner than its relatives.

"The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws".
There can be the case young fledge know how to fly but they didn't left the nest.
Thus we can't infer option D from the passage.

VeritasKarishma VeritasPrepBrandon VeritasPrepBrian VeritasPrepHailey
Kindly explain
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Quote:
Q3: Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage above?

(A) The Western Jackdaw eats more plant material and invertebrates than human food waste.
(B) The Western Jackdaw belongs to the genus Coloeus.
(C) The Western Jackdaw has only one mate throughout its lifespan.
(D) The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.
(E) The Western Jackdaw is more social than its close relatives.

In option D "The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.".
The below line doesn't suggest western jackdaw was able to fly sooner than its relatives.

"The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws".
There can be the case young fledge know how to fly but they didn't left the nest.
Thus we can't infer option D from the passage.

VeritasKarishma VeritasPrepBrandon VeritasPrepBrian VeritasPrepHailey
Kindly explain

Note that option (D) says "... is ABLE to fly ..."
So it has the capability to fly. Whether every Jackdaw flies early or not doesn't matter. It has the capability as per our passage.
Our passage anyway suggests that the young of western jackdaw leave the nest sooner than other jackdaws so our passage tells us that generally speaking, they do leave the nest early. Look, it doesn't matter if every single jackdaw does not leave the nest early. It is a characteristic of the species. There might be some variations here and there. Option (D) also gives the characteristic of the species.

I think you are confusing it with the other way around - if the passage said "they have the ability to fly sooner" while option (D) said "they fly sooner" then we would wonder whether they actually do fly sooner.

As given in our actual question, option (D) is certainly correct.
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VeritasKarishma
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akhil911
The Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), sometimes known as the Eurasian Jackdaw, European Jackdaw or simply Jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and North Africa, it is mostly resident, although northern and Eastern populations migrate south in winter. Four subspecies are recognized, which mainly differ in the coloration of the plumage on the head and nape. Carl Linnaeus first classified the bird and described it formally, giving it the name Corvus monedula because of the bird’s supposed fondness for picking up coins (monedula is Latin for money). Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus. In fact, one authority, the International Ornithological Congress, has recently reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus Corvus to the genus Coloeus.

Unlike many of its close relatives, the Western Jackdaw has a completely black-plumage with a grey nape and distinctive pale-grey irises. However, like those relatives, it is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings. An omnivorous and opportunistic feeder, it eats a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Western Jackdaws are monogamous (have only one mate at a time) and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws, and the average lifespan of the bird is approximately five years compared.


Q4: Which of the following can properly be inferred about Carl Linnaeus from the passage above?

(A) He was the first to discover the Western Jackdaw.
(B) He believed that the Western Jackdaw was fond of coins.
(C) His classification of the Western Jackdaw was wrong.
(D) His prior classifications do not always agree with current DNA data.
(E) He was a member of the International Ornithological Congress.


Dear Experts:
mikemcgarry IanStewart VeritasKarishma daagh EMPOWERgmatVerbal EMPOWERgmatRichC AjiteshArun nightblade354 walker DmitryFarber

In this question, option D means "prior classification". How can we be sure that the classifications point to the "bird classification" or some other classifications?
may be he classified some "fish" before he classified this bird. How do we know if the question is specifically referring to the "bird classification only"?

Doesn't matter how many distinct classifications he did. Prior classification means all prior classifications.
We see an example of one of his prior classification which does not agree with current DNA - Western Jackdaw from Corvus to Coloeus.

So we can infer that his prior classifications do not ALWAYS agree with current DNA data. They do not always agree, they may in some cases, may not in others. We have an example in which it doesn't so we can say that they don't agree always. Sometimes they may, sometimes they may not.

Dear VeritasKarishma
Thank you for the explanation!
I agree that if one classification is incorrect, we can say that all classifications do not ALWAYS agree with correct DNA data. However, it seems I did not correctly articulate my doubt.
My doubt is more about use of the word "prior".
Prior means " a previous". Hence, doesn't this question focus on the classifications he did before the "Jackdaw bird" classification?
We do not have any information about "prior classification".

Note what the passage says:
Carl Linnaeus first classified the bird and described it formally, giving it the name Corvus monedula because of the bird’s supposed fondness for picking up coins (monedula is Latin for money). Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus.

When Carl Linnaeus first classified it, he put it in genus Corvus.
Later analysis of its DNA suggests that it belongs to genus Coloeus.

So his prior classification does not agree with current DNA data.
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Quote:
Q3: Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage above?

(A) The Western Jackdaw eats more plant material and invertebrates than human food waste.
(B) The Western Jackdaw belongs to the genus Coloeus.
(C) The Western Jackdaw has only one mate throughout its lifespan.
(D) The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.
(E) The Western Jackdaw is more social than its close relatives.

In option D "The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.".
The below line doesn't suggest western jackdaw was able to fly sooner than its relatives.

"The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws".
There can be the case young fledge know how to fly but they didn't left the nest.
Thus we can't infer option D from the passage.

VeritasKarishma VeritasPrepBrandon VeritasPrepBrian VeritasPrepHailey
Kindly explain

Note that option (D) says "... is ABLE to fly ..."
So it has the capability to fly. Whether every Jackdaw flies early or not doesn't matter. It has the capability as per our passage.
Our passage anyway suggests that the young of western jackdaw leave the nest sooner than other jackdaws so our passage tells us that generally speaking, they do leave the nest early. Look, it doesn't matter if every single jackdaw does not leave the nest early. It is a characteristic of the species. There might be some variations here and there. Option (D) also gives the characteristic of the species.

I think you are confusing it with the other way around - if the passage said "they have the ability to fly sooner" while option (D) said "they fly sooner" then we would wonder whether they actually do fly sooner.

As given in our actual question, option (D) is certainly correct.

HI VeritasKarishma , no disrespect but this explanation doesn't help with this answer (I think the answer is totally incorrect). There my be a case that its close relative may learn to fly in one week but doesn't leave nest because it can not feed on its own or whatever reason . So we can not infer anything about the flying behavior . There is no correlation shown between ability to fly and leaving the nest .
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HI VeritasKarishma , no disrespect but this explanation doesn't help with this answer (I think the answer is totally incorrect). There my be a case that its close relative may learn to fly in one week but doesn't leave nest because it can not feed on its own or whatever reason . So we can not infer anything about the flying behavior . There is no correlation shown between ability to fly and leaving the nest .

Gaurav, birds leave the nest when they learn to fly. When their wings support them, it is their natural instinct to fly. It is expected that the test taker will make the connect.
In any case, there is no point debating whether it is a fair expectation. Our experimental questions analyses inform us in case the expectations are unfair for the majority of test takers.
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Really tricky passage 3/4. But the word play is what that matters in this case. Nothing is to be assumed randomly and everything is taken as it is. Once that is done then all of them can be answered by POE at the very least.
akhil911
The Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula), sometimes known as the Eurasian Jackdaw, European Jackdaw or simply Jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and North Africa, it is mostly resident, although northern and Eastern populations migrate south in winter. Four subspecies are recognized, which mainly differ in the coloration of the plumage on the head and nape. Carl Linnaeus first classified the bird and described it formally, giving it the name Corvus monedula because of the bird’s supposed fondness for picking up coins (monedula is Latin for money). Later analysis of its DNA suggests that, with its closest relative, the Darian Jackdaw, it is an early offshoot from the genus Corvus, and possibly distinct enough to warrant reclassification in a separate genus, Coloeus. In fact, one authority, the International Ornithological Congress, has recently reassigned the two jackdaw species from the genus Corvus to the genus Coloeus.

Unlike many of its close relatives, the Western Jackdaw has a completely black-plumage with a grey nape and distinctive pale-grey irises. However, like those relatives, it is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings. An omnivorous and opportunistic feeder, it eats a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Western Jackdaws are monogamous (have only one mate at a time) and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge (leave the nest) in four to five weeks, sooner than other jackdaws, and the average lifespan of the bird is approximately five years compared.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Darian Jackdaw?

(A) It is classified in the wrong genus
(B) It has a fondness for picking up coins
(C) It does not have black plumage
(D) It is found commonly in small groups
(E) It is a monogamous bird



2. According to the passage, a Western Jackdaw found in the southern Hemisphere during the winter months would most likely ______________

(A) live in the easternmost portion of the bird’s habitat
(B) have migrated from another location
(C) have plumage with an unusual coloration
(D) have a greater life expectancy than most jackdaws
(E) have traveled a great distance from it’s usual habitat



3. Which of the following can be properly inferred from the passage above?

(A) The Western Jackdaw eats more plant material and invertebrates than human food waste.
(B) The Western Jackdaw belongs to the genus Coloeus.
(C) The Western Jackdaw has only one mate throughout its lifespan.
(D) The Western Jackdaw is able to fly sooner than its close relatives.
(E) The Western Jackdaw is more social than its close relatives.



4. Which of the following can properly be inferred about Carl Linnaeus from the passage above?

(A) He was the first to discover the Western Jackdaw.
(B) He believed that the Western Jackdaw was fond of coins.
(C) His classification of the Western Jackdaw was wrong.
(D) His prior classifications do not always agree with current DNA data.
(E) He was a member of the International Ornithological Congress.

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