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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 30 Jul 2020, 01:32
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abhishekmayank
Experts, could you tell me whether it is really a tense error in D :

Bringing the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

Here "Bringing" is a gerund and it has no tense on its own.

The more simpler example :

Flying kite was a nice experience.

I don't think that simple gerund "Flying" is anyway interfering with the past tense of the sentence.

AjiteshArun
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Hi abhishekmayank,

This is a pattern in English in which the subject is postposed while a part of the verb or verb phrase is moved to the front of the sentence.

1. Bringing the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

is meant to be read as

2. A special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls was bringing the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 30 Jul 2020, 02:02
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abhishekmayank
Experts, could you tell me whether it is really a tense error in D :

Bringing the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

Here "Bringing" is a gerund and it has no tense on its own.

The more simpler example :

Flying kite was a nice experience.

I don't think that simple gerund "Flying" is anyway interfering with the past tense of the sentence.

AjiteshArun
Hi abhishekmayank,

This is a pattern in English in which the subject is postposed while a part of the verb or verb phrase is moved to the front of the sentence.

1. Bringing the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

is meant to be read as

2. A special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls was bringing the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War.
Show more

Hi AjiteshArun,

While the issue of "postposed" would be at play over here, we can't take away the fact that a verb's present participle plays the role of a gerund and we can use it at the beginning of the sentence in place of a subject. Just another example :

Maintaining calm and tranquility in the panic situation is the responsibility of every citizen.

Whether we can read the sentence like this in the "postposed" structure ? Perhaps not, as it doesn't make any sense

The responsibility of every citizen is maintaining calm and tranquility in the panic situation


So, it could be the case that D is dubious in the sense that :

1. It is correct when "Bringing" is interpreted as gerund
2. It is incorrect when thought as "postposed" structure
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 30 Jul 2020, 02:29
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Can someone explain why the usage of the present perfect is wrong here? Aren't we talking about a period of time in which the company has been brought back?
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 30 Jul 2020, 07:27
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abhishekmayank
Hi AjiteshArun,

While the issue of "postposed" would be at play over here, we can't take away the fact that a verb's present participle plays the role of a gerund and we can use it at the beginning of the sentence in place of a subject. Just another example :

Maintaining calm and tranquility in the panic situation is the responsibility of every citizen.

Whether we can read the sentence like this in the "postposed" structure ? Perhaps not, as it doesn't make any sense

The responsibility of every citizen is maintaining calm and tranquility in the panic situation


So, it could be the case that D is dubious in the sense that :

1. It is correct when "Bringing" is interpreted as gerund
2. It is incorrect when thought as "postposed" structure
Show more
You've asked some really good questions! For example, you've found an exception to the pattern in which we see a noun on the other side of the verb that works just as well as the subject. That is, X is Y and Y is X are not considered the same when Y is as good a subject as X is. The difference in this case is that using bringing as the subject leads to a meaning issue that cannot be overlooked.

1. Bringing the company back was a good move. ← "Bringing the company back" is the subject here, and it makes sense to say that it was "a good move" (bringing the company back = a good move).

2. Bringing the company back was a price increase. ← Forcing bringing to play the role of subject here will lead to a meaning issue (bringing the company back = a price increase).

English is full of patterns like this one. The main takeaway here is that the GMAT sometimes uses such unexpected structures to throw test takers off.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 30 Jul 2020, 07:47
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chrtpmdr
Can someone explain why the usage of the present perfect is wrong here? Aren't we talking about a period of time in which the company has been brought back?
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Hi chrtpmdr,

Consider the meaning of the sentence:
A price increase was what brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War.

Option E is:
A price increase was what has brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War.

The was (past tense) is in the non-underlined portion of the sentence, and it seems to indicate that we're looking at something that is in the past ("the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War"). Has brought seems to suggest that the automobile company has just been brought back (recently) from the verge of bankruptcy.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 30 Jul 2020, 11:03
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Hi AjiteshArun,

While the issue of "postposed" would be at play over here, we can't take away the fact that a verb's present participle plays the role of a gerund and we can use it at the beginning of the sentence in place of a subject. Just another example :

Maintaining calm and tranquility in the panic situation is the responsibility of every citizen.

Whether we can read the sentence like this in the "postposed" structure ? Perhaps not, as it doesn't make any sense

The responsibility of every citizen is maintaining calm and tranquility in the panic situation


So, it could be the case that D is dubious in the sense that :

1. It is correct when "Bringing" is interpreted as gerund
2. It is incorrect when thought as "postposed" structure
You've asked some really good questions! For example, you've found an exception to the pattern in which we see a noun on the other side of the verb that works just as well as the subject. That is, X is Y and Y is X are not considered the same when Y is as good a subject as X is. The difference in this case is that using bringing as the subject leads to a meaning issue that cannot be overlooked.

1. Bringing the company back was a good move. ← "Bringing the company back" is the subject here, and it makes sense to say that it was "a good move" (bringing the company back = a good move).

2. Bringing the company back was a price increase. ← Forcing bringing to play the role of subject here will lead to a meaning issue (bringing the company back = a price increase).

English is full of patterns like this one. The main takeaway here is that the GMAT sometimes uses such unexpected structures to throw test takers off.
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Thanks AjiteshArun for the clear explanation !!
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 05 Oct 2021, 09:18
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Hi AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma Can you help me with one doubt related to usage of what or any wh-word.

1.) What is funny ? --> this is interrogative sentence .
and according to AjiteshArun What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special , the bolded part is a large subject . So how is it not interrogative (this is also wh- word + modal verb structure)and sentence 1 is .
I know this is a very basic question but this particular question type I get wrong in various OG questions .
Hope u understand my query .Thanks in advance.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 05 Oct 2021, 21:29
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Gaurav2896
Hi AjiteshArun VeritasKarishma Can you help me with one doubt related to usage of what or any wh-word.

1.) What is funny ? --> this is interrogative sentence .
and according to AjiteshArun What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special , the bolded part is a large subject . So how is it not interrogative (this is also wh- word + modal verb structure)and sentence 1 is .
I know this is a very basic question but this particular question type I get wrong in various OG questions .
Hope u understand my query .Thanks in advance.
Show more

It is not interrogative because the sentence is not a question. The sentence is the answer.

Q: What brought the automobile sector back from the verge of bankruptcy?

A: The price increase.
or
A: The price increase was what brought the automobile sector back from the verge of bankruptcy.
or
A: What brought the automobile sector back from the verge of bankruptcy was the price increase.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 23 Dec 2021, 20:02
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ExpertsGlobal5
Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
bmwhype2
What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

(A) What brought
(B) The thing that brought
(C) That which brought
(D) Bringing
(E) What has brought


Concepts tested here: Pronouns + Verb Forms + Tenses + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• The simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past.
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.

A: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the simple past tense verb “brought” to refer to an action that concluded in the past. Further, Option A is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

B: Trap. This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase “The thing that brought”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

C: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase “That which averted”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

D: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" – “Bringing” in this sentence) to refer to an event that concluded in the past; please remember, the simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past.

E: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb phrase “has brought” to refer to an action that concluded in the past; please remember, the simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):



All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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Since the company was saved, isn't the action still affecting present? So why is E wrong and A correct?
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 24 Dec 2021, 05:55
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ExpertsGlobal5
Dear Friends,

Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
bmwhype2
What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special, governmentally sanctioned price increase allowed during a period of wage and price controls.

(A) What brought
(B) The thing that brought
(C) That which brought
(D) Bringing
(E) What has brought


Concepts tested here: Pronouns + Verb Forms + Tenses + Awkwardness/Redundancy

• The simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past.
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.

A: Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the simple past tense verb “brought” to refer to an action that concluded in the past. Further, Option A is free of any awkwardness or redundancy.

B: Trap. This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase “The thing that brought”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

C: This answer choice uses the needlessly wordy phrase “That which averted”, leading to awkwardness and redundancy.

D: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present participle ("verb+ing" – “Bringing” in this sentence) to refer to an event that concluded in the past; please remember, the simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past.

E: This answer choice incorrectly uses the present perfect tense verb phrase “has brought” to refer to an action that concluded in the past; please remember, the simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past, and the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.

Hence, A is the best answer choice.

To understand the concept of "Simple Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 minute):



All the best!
Experts' Global Team


Since the company was saved, isn't the action still affecting present? So why is E wrong and A correct?
Show more

Hello lovikansal,

We hope this finds you well.

Having gone through the question and your query, we believe we can resolve your doubt.

The question says that the company was saved after world war II but does not say anything about the company's current status; thus, we cannot say that the act of saving the company continues to affect the present. For all we know, the company could have closed in the interim, meaning it have been saved after world war II is no longer relevant.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 27 Jan 2022, 22:43
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Can some expert please explain why option B is wrong ?

My Reasoning :
According to google - 'thing' can refer to an object , action, event, thought, or utterance.
so ,IMO, 'The thing' can refer to the 'price increase'.

Is option A correct because option A is just more concise and clearer than option B?
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 28 Jan 2022, 21:05
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Taulark1
Is option A correct because option A is just more concise and clearer than option B?
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Hi Taulark1,

That's right. Option B is clear enough, but it's just a longer way to say the same thing as A, so we prefer A.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 23 Jul 2022, 02:17
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Dear Experts,

Choice (B)

I read all comments but there are different ideas and explanations. Thus, (B) is just "wordy" or is literally wrong due to "thing".
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 23 Jul 2022, 11:47
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Tanchat
Dear Experts,
(B) is just "wordy" or is literally wrong due to "thing".
Show more

A "thing" is a physical object.

In informal, spoken English, people also routinely use "thing" to refer to abstract entities without a physical/material existence, such as people's words ("I just said the first thing that came to mind"), as well as to actions ("The first thing that we did was...").
These usages, however, are incorrect in formal written English.

In any case, don't be afraid to use unnecessary wordiness as a criterion for elimination! If there are other choices that express the same idea(s) more concisely, you can eliminate the unnecessarily wordy choice(s) for that reason.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 24 Jul 2022, 01:48
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Tanchat
Dear Experts,
(B) is just "wordy" or is literally wrong due to "thing".

A "thing" is a physical object.

In informal, spoken English, people also routinely use "thing" to refer to abstract entities without a physical/material existence, such as people's words ("I just said the first thing that came to mind"), as well as to actions ("The first thing that we did was...").
These usages, however, are incorrect in formal written English.

In any case, don't be afraid to use unnecessary wordiness as a criterion for elimination! If there are other choices that express the same idea(s) more concisely, you can eliminate the unnecessarily wordy choice(s) for that reason.
Show more

RonTargetTestPrep

Thank you your response :)
I have a question (just want make sure I understand correctly)
I heard that what = the thing(s) that as well. But what can refer to either abstract entities or physical existence, right?
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 25 Jul 2022, 05:01
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Tanchat
Dear Experts,
(B) is just "wordy" or is literally wrong due to "thing".

A "thing" is a physical object.

In informal, spoken English, people also routinely use "thing" to refer to abstract entities without a physical/material existence, such as people's words ("I just said the first thing that came to mind"), as well as to actions ("The first thing that we did was...").
These usages, however, are incorrect in formal written English.

In any case, don't be afraid to use unnecessary wordiness as a criterion for elimination! If there are other choices that express the same idea(s) more concisely, you can eliminate the unnecessarily wordy choice(s) for that reason.

RonTargetTestPrep

Thank you your response :)
I have a question (just want make sure I understand correctly)
I heard that what = the thing(s) that as well. But what can refer to either abstract entities or physical existence, right?
Show more

Hello Tanchat,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, yes; the pronoun "what" can refer to both physical entities and abstractions.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 27 Jul 2022, 07:11
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Quote:
what can refer to either abstract entities or physical existence, right?
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That's correct.
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What brought the automobile company back from the verge of bankruptcy 13 Aug 2023, 17:32
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