Hi All,
The GMAT does not expect you to do an excessive amount of calculation to find the answer to a question, although you might be asked to do a reasonable amount of arithmetic in certain cases). When you're faced with this type of "calculation-based" question, if you can't find the hidden pattern or the "elegant" approach, you still have to opportunity to just do math. Be sure to note that there's a point at which you can STOP doing math though.....as long as you pay attention to the question that is ASKED.
Here, we're asked for the TENS DIGIT of 36^10.
We're clearly NOT going to calculate this entire product, but we can do some math and take advantage of how math "works"....
36^10 can be rewritten as....(36^4)(36^4)(36^2)
36^2 is a product that you should be able to calculate....
(36)(36) = 1296
Since the question is asking about the TENS DIGIT, anything to the "left" of the TENS DIGIT really doesn't matter, so we can SKIP THOSE DIGITS...
(36)(36) = (......96) a number that ends in 96.
36^4 = (36^2)(36^2)
We know that 36^2 ends in .....96, so we're really just multiplying....
(...96)(...96)
AND we're going to ignore every digit EXCEPT for the TENS and UNITS digits....(try doing the math; remember to stop working once you have those 2 digits figured out)....
(...96)(...96) = (......16)
Now we know that....
36^2 ends in ....96
36^4 ends in ....16
So we have a little more "math" to go....
(36^4)(36^4)(36^2) = (...16)(...16)(...96)
(...16)(...16) = ...56
(...56)(...96) = ...76
So, the TENS DIGIT = 7
Final Answer:
While this type of approach is not particularly elegant, if you're comfortable multiplying 2-digt numbers together, the work isn't that bad. It's also preferable to staring at the screen for 1-2 minutes and then blindly guessing.
GMAT assassins aren't born, they're made,
Rich