Bunuel
When chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856) posited that equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, containing equal numbers of molecules, and many scientists, doubting that, even if this theory were true, the number could ever be measured, but in the early 20th century, Perrin measured the value of “Avogadro’s number” by use of several different experimental designs.
(A) When chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856) posited that equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, containing equal numbers of molecules, and many scientists, doubting that, even if this theory were true, the number could ever be measured, but in the early 20th century, Perrin measured the value of “Avogadro’s number” by use of
(B) The chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856), positing that equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, would contain equal numbers of molecules, and many scientists doubted that, even with this theory true, the number could not ever be measured, while in the early 20th century, Perrin measuring the value of “Avogadro’s number” using
(C) The chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856) posited that equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, would contain equal numbers of molecules, and many scientists, doubting that, even if this theory were true, the number could not ever be measured, but in the early 20th century, Perrin, measuring the value of “Avogadro’s number” by use of
(D) The chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856) posited that equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, would contain equal numbers of molecules, and many scientists doubted that, even if this theory were true, the number could ever be measured, but in the early 20th century, Perrin measured the value of “Avogadro’s number” using
(E) The chemist Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856), positing that equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, would contain equal numbers of molecules, although many scientists doubted that, even if this theory were true, the number could ever be measured, but in the early 20th century, Perrin, measuring the value of “Avogadro’s number” by use of
Magoosh Official Explanation:
The choices in this questions are rife with the famous "missing verb" mistake. Each main subject and each subject inside a "that" clause needs a full verb. In the discussion below, I will use AA to stand for the chemist Amedeo Avogadro.
In Choice (A), we get "AA posited" (good), but the inside the first "that" clause, we get "equal volumes . . . containing," a missing-verb problem. Also, the noun "many scientists" is a subject without a full verb. Choice (A) is incorrect.
In Choice (B), AA is a subject without a full verb: a missing-verb problem ("positing" is not a full verb here). Choice (B) is incorrect.
Choice (C) has no missing verb problems, but it is awkward in other ways. Everything up to the first "but" is flawless---although, having two "but's" is awkward in and of itself. The verb tense of "even if this theory is true" doesn't fit with the past narrative of the rest of the sentence. This version also has a strange illogical double-negative. What it is trying to say is that the many scientist doubted that the number could be measure; instead, what this says is that "many scientists doubted … the number could not ever be measured"----if they doubted it could not be measured, that means they think it would be measured! That's a change in meaning! For all these reasons, (C) is incorrect.
Choice (D) is mistake-free and promising.
Choice (E) has the awkward construction "the number could be ever measured"---"could ever be measured" would be more natural. Furthermore, the subject Perrin has no full verb: yet another missing-verb mistake. For these reasons, (E) is incorrect.
The only possible answer is choice (D).FAQ: Why does the correct answer choice say "even if this theory were true"? Since "theory" is singular, shouldn't we use "was" instead of "were"?The reason the verb is "were" rather than "was" is that we are talking about something that is counterfactual, and this requires the subjunctive mood.
Since this is past subjunctive, we need to use "were" instead of "was." The past subjunctive is only used with the verb "to be," and the form is always "were."
You can check out this lesson on subjunctive:
Verb Mood – Subjunctive
FAQ: Are both "by use of" and "using" correct?Both "by use of" and "using" are technically correct, yes. However, if we were choosing between two otherwise identical sentences, the sentence containing "using" would be a much better choice. "By use of" is grammatically correct, but it isn't as concise. (It also sounds stuffy and outdated.)