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eswarchethu135
18 Nov 2018, 06:19
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When the Calvinists could not agree with the established religious doctrine, they both broke with the Roman Catholic Church, which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and with the Lutherans, differing from their fellow Protestants on the doctrines of Communion and other theories of worship.
A. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and with the Lutherans, differing -- which refers to the church, i.e, church resulted in the religious wars of the 16th century. This is non-sensical. ELIMINATED
B. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and the Lutherans, who differed -- "and the Lutherans, who differed", makes the second part of the sentence a run on statement. It doesn't link with first part. ELIMINATED
C. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, who differed -- same error as in A. ELIMINATED
D. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, differing -- CORRECT. It restores the meaning of the sentence.
E. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and also abandoned the Lutherans, who differed -- "also" can be used when we have either "not" or "not only" in a sentence. "who" is redundant here. ELIMINATED
OPTION: D
A. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and with the Lutherans, differing -- which refers to the church, i.e, church resulted in the religious wars of the 16th century. This is non-sensical. ELIMINATED
B. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and the Lutherans, who differed -- "and the Lutherans, who differed", makes the second part of the sentence a run on statement. It doesn't link with first part. ELIMINATED
C. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, who differed -- same error as in A. ELIMINATED
D. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, differing -- CORRECT. It restores the meaning of the sentence.
E. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and also abandoned the Lutherans, who differed -- "also" can be used when we have either "not" or "not only" in a sentence. "who" is redundant here. ELIMINATED
OPTION: D
07 Jun 2020, 10:08
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I think this question comes down to choice D or E. Other than the "also" issue, the "who differed" part in E) also incorrectly modifies Lutherans. However the logical meaning should be Calvinists abandoned Lutherans, differing themselves from Lutherans...
04 Feb 2021, 18:19
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mikemcgarry
avohden
When the Calvinists could not agree with the established religious doctrine, they both broke with the Roman Catholic Church, which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and with the Lutherans, differing from their fellow Protestants on the doctrines of Communion and other theories of worship.
A. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and with the Lutherans, differing
B. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and the Lutherans, who differed
C. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, who differed
D. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, differing
E. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and also abandoned the Lutherans, who differed
I'm happy to help. A. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and with the Lutherans, differing
B. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and the Lutherans, who differed
C. which resulted in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, who differed
D. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and abandoned the Lutherans, differing
E. resulting in the Religious Wars of the 16th century, and also abandoned the Lutherans, who differed
The first split is very clear ---- the pronoun "which" is trying to refer, not to a single noun, but to an entire action. Pronouns can't do that. Only a participial phrase can modify the whole action of a clause. See:
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2013/modifiers- ... orrection/
especially the final section, "modifying a clause". That's clear. Choices (A) & (C) are non-negotiably wrong.
The word "both" before the verb "broke" is an important clue. This means we don't want a "broke with P and with Q" structure, but rather two verbs in parallel and similar in meaning. That leave (B) out --- (B) cannot possibly be correct.
The correct idiom is "both ... and", and the structure "both ... and also" is always wrong on the GMAT. See:
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2013/gmat-idiom ... junctions/
Choice (E) makes this idiom mistake, so the only viable answer is (D).
A very good question. Does all this make sense?
Mike
mikemcgarry
Mike, I have a question here. I understand that you rejected (D) because of idiom issues. However, if I don't know that, how do I reject (D) and choose (E).
Even thinking about meaning, the choice between (D) and (E) was really hard because
1. I don't and I cannot possibly know all idioms so I don't want to rely on them
2. I couldn't understand how to choose between "differing" and "who differed" in option D and E because while reading both the options, it seemed like the last part of the sentence could essentially be applied to either "Calvinists" or "Lutherans".
Could you attack this problem from this angle that I was trying, please?
Thanks!
