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jackdanielsb
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Mahmoudfawzy83
Hi jackdanielsb

In your first example, both are correct in terms of meaning and grammar.
Yes, the second had less words, so theoretically more concise, but this one never real GMAT. There must be something more worthy that this to eliminate a choice.

In the second example,
If you are focusing only on the verb "improving", presence or absence of "in" will be similarly correct and will both be parallel.

But if you looked at the sentence as a whole, you will find another verb competing with "involved in", which is "involved".
This causes an ambiguity, because the reader may be confused about the intended meaning of the sentence:

Is "developing" intended to be parallel to "improving"?? --> ... improving the customer service experience or developing new approaches.
Or "developing is intended to be parallel to "involved"?? --> the Midwest division who were involved in ... or (were) developing new approaches.

"In" is necessary to convey that "developing" is parallel to "improving" , not "involved".
so B is correct because of lack of ambiguity (besides parallelism)

Mahmoudfawzy83,

Thanks for explanation, is the parallelism marked in second sentence only due to correct idiomatic usage of "Involved in"
;Cause the subject is doing the action of involvement?
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J2S2019

Thanks for explanation, is the parallelism marked in second sentence only due to correct idiomatic usage of "Involved in"
;Cause the subject is doing the action of involvement?

I am not sure whether I understood your question, but I will try to answer it.

Idioms generally aren't related to parallelism; What requires the parallelism is the use of conjunctions or comparisons.
In our case, "or" requires us to ensure that both phrase arms are the same.
Some idioms are used for conjugation and comparison, such as "Not only , but also".

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