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How (B) changes the meaning? If ambiguity is acceptable then what is wrong with the pronoun "they"? BelalHossain046

Option B:
Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of

Here, they are aware of is the Modifier of connotations. CROSS out this modifier.
NOW the sentence becomes: Because the numbers 1 and 2 HAVE CONNOTATION, the companies are avoiding number 1 &2 (i.e. companies are using 789).
in other words, meaning of option B is HAVING OTHER (implied) MEANING is the REASON for AVOIDING Number 1 & 2.
This is mostly nonsense. In real world, most of the companies accept WORDS which have other POSITIVE meaning. For example, why iPhone uses APPLE ? because it have another meaning (apple symbolizes knowledge). NORMALLY, when peoples are AWARE that XXXX word has NEGATIVE implied meaning, they avoid that XXXX word.

So, HAVING OTHER MEANING may NOT be the reason of avoiding a number or word (So, cross B)
BUT, KNOWING/AWARE OF the implied (perhaps negative) meaning may be the reason for avoiding a number or word (as stated in option D)

mjzakaria, you can see this question.
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How (B) changes the meaning? If ambiguity is acceptable then what is wrong with the pronoun "they"? BelalHossain046

Option B:
Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of

Here, they are aware of is the Modifier of connotations. CROSS out this modifier.
NOW the sentence becomes: Because the numbers 1 and 2 HAVE CONNOTATION, the companies are avoiding number 1 &2 (i.e. companies are using 789).
in other words, meaning of option B is HAVING OTHER (implied) MEANING is the REASON for AVOIDING Number 1 & 2.
This is mostly nonsense. In real world, most of the companies accept WORDS which have other POSITIVE meaning. For example, why iPhone uses APPLE ? because it have another meaning (apple symbolizes knowledge). NORMALLY, when peoples are AWARE that XXXX word has NEGATIVE implied meaning, they avoid that XXXX word.

So, HAVING OTHER MEANING may NOT be the reason of avoiding a number or word (So, cross B)
BUT, KNOWING/AWARE OF the implied (perhaps negative) meaning may be the reason for avoiding a number or word (as stated in option D)

mjzakaria, you can see this question.


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Explanation:
A. 'with the awareness' used as a modifier does not convey the intended meaning not does it suggest the cause-effect.
B.Antecedent ambiguity....'they' seems to refer to the numbers - incorrect
C. this one changes meaning - implies that the awareness is of the numbers themselves and not the connotations
D. Concise and clear in meaning as well as struture(modifier followed by noun subject)..Correct
E.pronoun error,plural pronoun 'they' can not refer to singular noun 'company'

Hence D is the correct answer.

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With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

A. With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and they are aware of it

This question is based on Modifiers and Construction.

The word ‘connotations’ means the hidden meaning of something. So, the word ‘associated’ is redundant after the word ‘connotations’. “The connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B” is sufficient.
The preposition 'with' implies an instrument. So, the meaning conveyed is that companies use the awareness to choose numbers. Since the meaning is distorted, Option A can be eliminated.


The pronoun ‘they’ is ambiguous in Option B. Besides, the two parts of the sentence do not have a cause-effect relationship. So, Option B can be eliminated.

The conjunction ‘because’ implies a cause-effect relationship, which is not intended in the sentence. So, Option C can be eliminated.

Option E is wordy. This option also has the conjunction ‘since’, which implies a cause-effect relationship. Furthermore, this option has the ambiguous pronoun ‘they’. So, Option E can be eliminated.

Option D is concise and avoids the errors in the other options. Therefore, D is the most appropriate option.

Jayanthi Kumar.
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With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

A. With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - long and redundant

B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of - Change in meaning. Ambiguous 'They'

C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations - "Having'' makes it Passive....wrong on GMAT.

D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - Concise and precise

E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and they are aware of it - Long. Change in meaning. Ambiguous 'They' and 'Them.

Correct me if i am wrong...

Long and redundant is really a bad reason for saying one choice is wrong.
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With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

A. With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B
First of all, let s see the difference between awareness and aware of. Awareness of polio , awareness of drug abuse. The use of ‘awareness’ will generally be used for the above given silly examples.
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of
They – ambiguous. They are aware of – absurd formation .
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations
Same error as In A. having connotations – doubtful whether we can use this here. awareness of the numbers- wrong. Aware of the connotations of numbers , not the awareness of the numbers themselves
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B
No errors
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and they are aware of it
Very long. Since – illogical. And , it – everything clumsy.

So, I go with D.
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GMATNinja, could you please clarify how B changes the meaning?
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hello experts,
I got this one right, but
D looks clear and the best among all
but why exactly A and B are wrong?

A makes sense- companies choose numbers with an awareness that.......
not bad!- companies are aware of a fact and hence they choose numbers..

B changes the meaning and shows a causal relation,
I don't think we can eliminate on the basis of pronoun "They"
they is clearly referring to companies, which is the only logical entity "they" can take.
because of X companies choose numbers...
structure is not that great but meaning is ok..
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hello experts,
I got this one right, but
D looks clear and the best among all
but why exactly A and B are wrong?

A makes sense- companies choose numbers with an awareness that.......
not bad!- companies are aware of a face and hence they choose numbers..

B changes the meaning and shows a causal relation,
I don't think we can eliminate on the basis of pronoun "They"
they is clearly referring to companies, which is the only logical entity "they" can take.
because of X companies choose numbers...
structure is not that great but meaning is ok..
In (B), "they" does most logically refer to "companies," but the way the sentence is written, "they" feels as though it refers to "the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B." So, the use of "they" is not ideal. This issue is not a strong decision point, but it contributes a little to the case for choosing (D) over (B).

The stronger reason to eliminate (B) is the following meaning issue. Notice that "Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of," doesn't effectively convey that the reason companies don't use ""the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B" is that they have particular connotations that make them unsuitable. Rather, it suggests that the companies don't use them because they have connotations in general that the companies are aware of, as if the companies don't use them simply because they have connotations. The fact that the numbers and letters have connotations does not really make sense as a reason not to use them.

Regarding (A), the (A) version has a problem similar to that had by the (B) version. The (A) version suggests the somewhat illogical idea that the companies don't use "the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B" simply because the companies are aware that they have connotations, as if the companies don't need to know what the connotations are, but rather the simple fact that the companies are aware that they have connotations makes sense as a reason why the companies don't use them.

Also, since "connotations" are implied meanings, connotations are by definition "associated with" what they are connotations of. So, "connotations associated with" in (A) is redundant.

Finally, the use of "with an awareness" in (A) is not ideal since it doesn't effectively convey that what precedes the comma is a reason for what follow the comma. It more communicates simply that the companies use the other numbers with awareness as opposed to because of they are aware.
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With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

A. With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - meaning issue -does not actually say that the companies know what the connotations are. It just says that the companies know "that there are connotations
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of - changes meaning
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations - meaning issue same as A
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - Correct
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and they are aware of it - Pronoun it needs to refer to plural connotations ; meaning issue as A

Answer D


Hi ,
Apart from the meaning change that you've mentioned in options A,B,C and D, do these options have grammar issues as well? I chose B. I am a non-native speaker and couldn't understand if there was any meaning change in B. 'they' was not ambiguous as well; it clearly refers to companies.
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Skywalker18
With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

A. With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - meaning issue -does not actually say that the companies know what the connotations are. It just says that the companies know "that there are connotations
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of - changes meaning
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations - meaning issue same as A
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - Correct
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and they are aware of it - Pronoun it needs to refer to plural connotations ; meaning issue as A

Answer D

Hi ,
Apart from the meaning change that you've mentioned in options A,B,C and D, do these options have grammar issues as well? I chose B. I am a non-native speaker and couldn't understand if there was any meaning change in B. 'they' was not ambiguous as well; it clearly refers to companies.

Hello Poojita,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, Option E features a pronoun error, as it uses "them" to refer to the noun phrase "the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B" and uses "they" to refer to "companies"; remember, a pronoun and its derivatives can only refer to one noun in a sentence.

Otherwise, all of the incorrect answer choices are incorrect on the basis of meaning and awkwardness/redundancy.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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Skywalker18
With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B, companies conducting consumer taste tests of foods or beverages typically choose numbers such as 697 or 483 to label the products.

A. With an awareness that there are connotations associated with the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - meaning issue -does not actually say that the companies know what the connotations are. It just says that the companies know "that there are connotations
B. Because the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations they are aware of - changes meaning
C. Because of an awareness of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B having connotations - meaning issue same as A
D. Aware of the connotations of the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B - Correct
E. Since the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B have connotations associated with them and they are aware of it - Pronoun it needs to refer to plural connotations ; meaning issue as A

Answer D

Hi ,
Apart from the meaning change that you've mentioned in options A,B,C and D, do these options have grammar issues as well? I chose B. I am a non-native speaker and couldn't understand if there was any meaning change in B. 'they' was not ambiguous as well; it clearly refers to companies.

Hello Poojita,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, Option E features a pronoun error, as it uses "them" to refer to the noun phrase "the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B" and uses "they" to refer to "companies"; remember, a pronoun and its derivatives can only refer to one noun in a sentence.

Otherwise, all of the incorrect answer choices are incorrect on the basis of meaning and awkwardness/redundancy.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

Hi Team, thanks for the reply.

I have a follow-up question. If "the numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B" is a noun phrase, then the verb should be 'has' not 'have' right? Although I think that it's not a noun phrase, 2 entities are 2 parts of the subject 'the numbers 1 and 2' and 'the letters A and B' and correctly have the plural verb 'have'. 'them' correctly refers to the plural subject the 'numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B', 'they' refers to the company and 'it' (singular) refers to plural subject 'numbers 1 and 2 and the letters A and B'.

Please correct me if I am wrong.
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Collective nouns are only singular when they refer to an entire group: the company is restructuring or my team is winning. Any time we join two nouns, we immediately have a plural, except in rare cases such as a title (Sense and Sensibility) or a process (research and development). A phrase such as "the numbers 1 and 2" will always be plural. We'd only use a singular if we were referring to, say, the set of numbers that includes 1 and 2.
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