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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 03 Mar 2023, 01:52
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tinbq
Hi MartyTargetTestPrep

Do you mean that 'kernels that have been heated' have a different meaning from 'kernels having been heated'?

May I apologize if this confuse you (as I am not a native speaker) but I found an example on the internet saying that the two following sentence have the same meaning:
The cookies having been heated are delicious.
=
The cookies that have been heated are delicious.


Hi ExpertsGlobal5

If the phrase 'kernels having been heated' has the same meaning as 'kernels that have been heated', so why is option E wrong/less preferable to option D?

Thank you all so much.
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Hello tinbq,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, while the present participle ("verb+ing") and the "that + verb" construction can be used interchangeably in some cases, that is not the case here because, in this context, the two do not convey the same meaning.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 03 Mar 2023, 08:05
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MartyTargetTestPrep
tinbq
Hi MartyTargetTestPrep

Do you mean that 'kernels that have been heated' have a different meaning from 'kernels having been heated'?

May I apologize if this confuse you (as I am not a native speaker) but I found an example on the internet saying that the two following sentence have the same meaning:
The cookies having been heated are delicious.
=
The cookies that have been heated are delicious.
Indeed, the meanings are different, as I outlined above.
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Hi MartyTargetTestPrep,

Could you please clarify more about the meaning difference between 'kernels that have been heated' and 'kernels having been heated'? I understand that the latter is not a short-form of relative clause. However, I don't know how different they are after reading the above two sentences about cookies.

Thank you so much.
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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 03 Mar 2023, 11:36
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tinbq
Hi MartyTargetTestPrep,

Could you please clarify more about the meaning difference between 'kernels that have been heated' and 'kernels having been heated'? I understand that the latter is not a short-form of relative clause. However, I don't know how different they are after reading the above two sentences about cookies.

Thank you so much.
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tinbq, take another look at my explanation. I outlined the difference in detail.

It simply doesn't make sense to say "kernels having been heated" because it means "kernels that are having been heated," which is nonsensical.
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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 25 May 2023, 19:54
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Near to all is incorrect. Nearly all, almost all, or most are correct choice. This has no clear referent in choice B. C lacks subject of verb removes. E is incorrect as use of that is needed after corn kernels.
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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 19 Jun 2023, 14:24
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tinbq
Hi experts,

I see a few opinions that 'having been heated' has a meaning just for present, not a continuous effect from past to present like the present perfect tense. However, I understand that the relative clause 'that have been heated' can be contracted to 'having been heated'. So would you experts please help to point out some alternative meanings which the phrase 'having been heated' may have that make it a wrong choice? Thanks.
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Sorry that I'm late to the party, tinbq! Not sure if you're still out there, but just in case: let's start with an example where "having been" makes a bit more sense.

    "Having been pummeled by a series of large waves while trying to paddle out on his surfboard, Tim lacked the energy necessary to actually catch and ride a wave."

Notice that the "pummeled" part explains why Tim lacked the energy -- and that makes sense chronologically, since the "pummeled" part happened first (before the "lacked energy" part). So, the cause/effect relationship and the chronology make perfect sense here.

Now let's look at the first part of (E):

Quote:
Nearly all tortilla chips are made from corn kernels having been heated in a solution of calcium hydroxide (lime)...
Show more
Notice that in the surfing example above, the "having been" part modifies Tim and explains why he lacked energy. In (E), the "having been" part seems to modify the corn kernels, so we expect something else about the corn kernels that is a result of the "having been" part. (e.g. "Having been heated in oil, the corn kernels were very hot." Or: "Having been heated in oil, the corn kernels were ready to be made into tortilla chips.")

But in (E), there is no other action for the corn kernels, so there's no clear cause/effect relationship. The main subject is tortilla chips, so the reader might even think that the tortilla chips are the thing that was heated (as in, "Having been heated in a solution, nearly all tortilla chips are made from corn kernels...").

In other words, we want the "having been" part to explain something about the noun that's modified by the "having been" part. In (E), the meaning of the "having been" part is unclear, and that makes (D) a much better option.

For another example with a similar issue, check out this post.

I hope that helps a bit!
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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 21 Jun 2023, 09:19
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tinbq
Hi experts,

I see a few opinions that 'having been heated' has a meaning just for present, not a continuous effect from past to present like the present perfect tense. However, I understand that the relative clause 'that have been heated' can be contracted to 'having been heated'. So would you experts please help to point out some alternative meanings which the phrase 'having been heated' may have that make it a wrong choice? Thanks.
Sorry that I'm late to the party, tinbq! Not sure if you're still out there, but just in case: let's start with an example where "having been" makes a bit more sense.

    "Having been pummeled by a series of large waves while trying to paddle out on his surfboard, Tim lacked the energy necessary to actually catch and ride a wave."

Notice that the "pummeled" part explains why Tim lacked the energy -- and that makes sense chronologically, since the "pummeled" part happened first (before the "lacked energy" part). So, the cause/effect relationship and the chronology make perfect sense here.

Now let's look at the first part of (E):

Quote:
Nearly all tortilla chips are made from corn kernels having been heated in a solution of calcium hydroxide (lime)...
Notice that in the surfing example above, the "having been" part modifies Tim and explains why he lacked energy. In (E), the "having been" part seems to modify the corn kernels, so we expect something else about the corn kernels that is a result of the "having been" part. (e.g. "Having been heated in oil, the corn kernels were very hot." Or: "Having been heated in oil, the corn kernels were ready to be made into tortilla chips.")

But in (E), there is no other action for the corn kernels, so there's no clear cause/effect relationship. The main subject is tortilla chips, so the reader might even think that the tortilla chips are the thing that was heated (as in, "Having been heated in a solution, nearly all tortilla chips are made from corn kernels...").

In other words, we want the "having been" part to explain something about the noun that's modified by the "having been" part. In (E), the meaning of the "having been" part is unclear, and that makes (D) a much better option.

For another example with a similar issue, check out this post.

I hope that helps a bit!
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Hi,

Thank you for explaining a useful way to make a sentence clear.
I see why correct choice D is a better choice to E. But if we dont have D, would E be the best choice? and In reality, would GMAT accept choice with contraction like option E to be a correct choice?.

Thanks
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With near to all tortilla chips made from corn kernels that have been 01 Jul 2023, 07:32
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tinbq


Hi,

Thank you for explaining a useful way to make a sentence clear.

I see why correct choice D is a better choice to E. But if we dont have D, would E be the best choice? and In reality, would GMAT accept choice with contraction like option E to be a correct choice?.

Thanks
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Luckily, we don't need to know the answer to that question. Remember, you don't have to label individual sentences as wrong or right in a vacuum. Your job is to pick the BEST option out of the five available. That's hard enough, so please don't waste time trying to figure out the second-best option. ;)
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