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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (03:22) correct
30%
(03:36) wrong
based on 145
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
84% (01:04) correct 16%
(01:10) wrong
based on 183
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
80% (00:44) correct 20%
(00:44) wrong
based on 176
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
93% (00:33) correct 7%
(00:41) wrong
based on 171
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 5
E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
82% (01:24) correct 18%
(01:22) wrong
based on 173
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 6
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
25%
(medium)
Question Stats:
77% (01:49) correct 23%
(01:53) wrong
based on 166
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
With the elimination of the apartheid system, South
Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based
legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among
lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools
(5) soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about
how to use them. The changes in the legal system are
significant, not just for human rights lawyers, but for
all lawyers—as they will have to learn a less rule-
bound and more interpretative way of looking at the
(10) law. That is to say, in the past, the parliament was the
supreme maker and arbiter of laws; when judges made
rulings with which the parliament disagreed, the
parliament simply passed new laws to counteract their
rulings. Under the new system, however, a
(15) constitutional court will hear arguments on all
constitutional matters, including questions of whether
the laws passed by the parliament are valid in light of
the individual liberties set out in the constitution’s bill
of rights. This shift will lead to extraordinary changes,
(20) for South Africa has never before had a legal system
based on individual rights—one in which citizens can
challenge any law or administrative decision on the
basis of their constitutional rights.
South African lawyers are concerned about the
(25) difficulty of fostering a rights-based culture in a
multiracial society containing a wide range of political
and personal beliefs simply by including a bill of rights
in the constitution and establishing the means for its
defense. Because the bill of rights has been drawn in
(30) very general terms, the lack of precedents will make
the task of determining its precise meaning a
bewildering one. With this in mind, the new
constitution acknowledges the need to look to other
countries for guidance. But some scholars warn that
(35) judges, in their rush to fill the constitutional void, may
misuse foreign law—they may blindly follow the
interpretations given bills of rights in other countries,
not taking into account the circumstances in those
countries that led to certain decisions. Nonetheless,
(40) these scholars are hopeful that, with patience and
judicious decisions, South Africa can use international
experience in developing a body of precedent that will
address the particular needs of its citizens.
South Africa must also contend with the image of
(45) the law held by many of its citizens. Because the law in
South Africa has long been a tool of racial oppression,
many of its citizens have come to view obeying the law
as implicitly sanctioning an illegitimate, brutal
government. Among these South Africans the political
(50) climate has thus been one of opposition, and many see
it as their duty to cheat the government as much as
possible, whether by not paying taxes or by disobeying
parking laws. If a rights-based culture is to succeed, the
government will need to show its citizens that the legal
(55) system is no longer a tool of oppression but instead a
way to bring about change and help further the cause of
justice.
Africa now confronts the transition to a rights-based
legal system in a constitutional democracy. Among
lawyers and judges, exhilaration over the legal tools
(5) soon to be available is tempered by uncertainty about
how to use them. The changes in the legal system are
significant, not just for human rights lawyers, but for
all lawyers—as they will have to learn a less rule-
bound and more interpretative way of looking at the
(10) law. That is to say, in the past, the parliament was the
supreme maker and arbiter of laws; when judges made
rulings with which the parliament disagreed, the
parliament simply passed new laws to counteract their
rulings. Under the new system, however, a
(15) constitutional court will hear arguments on all
constitutional matters, including questions of whether
the laws passed by the parliament are valid in light of
the individual liberties set out in the constitution’s bill
of rights. This shift will lead to extraordinary changes,
(20) for South Africa has never before had a legal system
based on individual rights—one in which citizens can
challenge any law or administrative decision on the
basis of their constitutional rights.
South African lawyers are concerned about the
(25) difficulty of fostering a rights-based culture in a
multiracial society containing a wide range of political
and personal beliefs simply by including a bill of rights
in the constitution and establishing the means for its
defense. Because the bill of rights has been drawn in
(30) very general terms, the lack of precedents will make
the task of determining its precise meaning a
bewildering one. With this in mind, the new
constitution acknowledges the need to look to other
countries for guidance. But some scholars warn that
(35) judges, in their rush to fill the constitutional void, may
misuse foreign law—they may blindly follow the
interpretations given bills of rights in other countries,
not taking into account the circumstances in those
countries that led to certain decisions. Nonetheless,
(40) these scholars are hopeful that, with patience and
judicious decisions, South Africa can use international
experience in developing a body of precedent that will
address the particular needs of its citizens.
South Africa must also contend with the image of
(45) the law held by many of its citizens. Because the law in
South Africa has long been a tool of racial oppression,
many of its citizens have come to view obeying the law
as implicitly sanctioning an illegitimate, brutal
government. Among these South Africans the political
(50) climate has thus been one of opposition, and many see
it as their duty to cheat the government as much as
possible, whether by not paying taxes or by disobeying
parking laws. If a rights-based culture is to succeed, the
government will need to show its citizens that the legal
(55) system is no longer a tool of oppression but instead a
way to bring about change and help further the cause of
justice.
1. Which one of the following most completely and accurately states the main point of the passage?
(A) Following the elimination of the apartheid system in South Africa, lawyers, judges, and citizens will need to abandon their posture of opposition to law and design a new and fairer legal system.
(B) If the new legal system in South Africa is to succeed, lawyers, judges, and citizens must learn to challenge parliamentary decisions based on their individual rights as set out in the new constitution.
(C) Whereas in the past the parliament was both the initiator and arbiter of laws in South Africa, under the new constitution these powers will be assumed by a constitutional court.
(D) Despite the lack of relevant legal precedents and the public’s antagonistic relation to the law, South Africa is moving from a legal system where the parliament is the final authority to one where the rights of citizens are protected by a constitution.
(E) While South Africa’s judges will have to look initially to other countries to provide interpretations for its new bill of rights, eventually it must develop a body of precedent sensitive to the needs of its own citizens.
(A) Following the elimination of the apartheid system in South Africa, lawyers, judges, and citizens will need to abandon their posture of opposition to law and design a new and fairer legal system.
(B) If the new legal system in South Africa is to succeed, lawyers, judges, and citizens must learn to challenge parliamentary decisions based on their individual rights as set out in the new constitution.
(C) Whereas in the past the parliament was both the initiator and arbiter of laws in South Africa, under the new constitution these powers will be assumed by a constitutional court.
(D) Despite the lack of relevant legal precedents and the public’s antagonistic relation to the law, South Africa is moving from a legal system where the parliament is the final authority to one where the rights of citizens are protected by a constitution.
(E) While South Africa’s judges will have to look initially to other countries to provide interpretations for its new bill of rights, eventually it must develop a body of precedent sensitive to the needs of its own citizens.
2. Which one of the following most accurately describes the author’s primary purpose in lines 10–19?
(A) to describe the role of the parliament under South Africa’s new constitution
(B) to argue for returning final legal authority to the parliament
(C) to contrast the character of legal practice under the apartheid system with that to be implemented under the new constitution
(D) to criticize the creation of a court with final authority on constitutional matters
(E) to explain why a bill of rights was included in the new constitution
(A) to describe the role of the parliament under South Africa’s new constitution
(B) to argue for returning final legal authority to the parliament
(C) to contrast the character of legal practice under the apartheid system with that to be implemented under the new constitution
(D) to criticize the creation of a court with final authority on constitutional matters
(E) to explain why a bill of rights was included in the new constitution
3. The passage suggests that the author’s attitude toward the possibility of success for a rights-based legal system in South Africa is most likely one of
(A) deep skepticism
(B) open pessimism
(C) total indifference
(D) guarded optimism
(E) complete confidence
(A) deep skepticism
(B) open pessimism
(C) total indifference
(D) guarded optimism
(E) complete confidence
4. According to the passage, under the apartheid system the rulings of judges were sometimes counteracted by
(A) decisions rendered in constitutional court
(B) challenges from concerned citizens
(C) new laws passed in the parliament
(D) provisions in the constitution’s bill of rights
(E) other judges with a more rule-bound approach to the law
(A) decisions rendered in constitutional court
(B) challenges from concerned citizens
(C) new laws passed in the parliament
(D) provisions in the constitution’s bill of rights
(E) other judges with a more rule-bound approach to the law
5. Which one of the following most accurately describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?
(A) A solution to a problem is identified, several methods of implementing the solution are discussed, and one of the methods is argued for.
(B) The background to a problem is presented, past methods of solving the problem are criticized, and a new solution is proposed.
(C) An analysis of a problem is presented, possible solutions to the problem are given, and one of the possible solutions is argued for.
(D) Reasons are given why a problem has existed, the current state of affairs is described, and the problem is shown to exist no longer.
(E) A problem is identified, specific manifestations of the problem are given, and an essential element in its solution is presented.
(A) A solution to a problem is identified, several methods of implementing the solution are discussed, and one of the methods is argued for.
(B) The background to a problem is presented, past methods of solving the problem are criticized, and a new solution is proposed.
(C) An analysis of a problem is presented, possible solutions to the problem are given, and one of the possible solutions is argued for.
(D) Reasons are given why a problem has existed, the current state of affairs is described, and the problem is shown to exist no longer.
(E) A problem is identified, specific manifestations of the problem are given, and an essential element in its solution is presented.
6. Based on the passage, the scholars mentioned in the second paragraph would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?
(A) Reliance of judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries must be tempered by the recognition that such interpretations may be based on circumstances not necessarily applicable to South Africa.
(B) Basing interpretations of the South African bill of rights on interpretations given bills of rights in other countries will reinforce the climate of mistrust for authority in South Africa.
(C) The lack of precedents in South African law for interpreting a bill of rights will likely make it impossible to interpret correctly the bill of rights in the South African constitution.
(D) Reliance by judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries offers an unacceptable means of attempting to interpret the South African constitution in a way that will meet the particular needs of South African citizens.
(E) Because bills of rights in other countries are written in much less general terms than the South African bill of rights, interpretations of them are unlikely to prove helpful in interpreting the South African bill of rights.
(A) Reliance of judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries must be tempered by the recognition that such interpretations may be based on circumstances not necessarily applicable to South Africa.
(B) Basing interpretations of the South African bill of rights on interpretations given bills of rights in other countries will reinforce the climate of mistrust for authority in South Africa.
(C) The lack of precedents in South African law for interpreting a bill of rights will likely make it impossible to interpret correctly the bill of rights in the South African constitution.
(D) Reliance by judges on the interpretations given bills of rights in other countries offers an unacceptable means of attempting to interpret the South African constitution in a way that will meet the particular needs of South African citizens.
(E) Because bills of rights in other countries are written in much less general terms than the South African bill of rights, interpretations of them are unlikely to prove helpful in interpreting the South African bill of rights.
15 Jun 2021, 06:10
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I would like to take opportunity to share my view about question 3
Author mentions the transition in Legal system in south Africa, explains various issues in the previous/existing apartheid system while mentioning challenges that the new right based system will have to face. Author also mentions ways to overcome such challenges.
Briefly we can say Author is optimistic with some conditions
C is the right option to present Author's attitude
Author mentions the transition in Legal system in south Africa, explains various issues in the previous/existing apartheid system while mentioning challenges that the new right based system will have to face. Author also mentions ways to overcome such challenges.
Briefly we can say Author is optimistic with some conditions
C is the right option to present Author's attitude
