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605-655 Level|   Assumption|                  
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Shivam625
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 03 May 2025, 08:55
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@DmitryFarber Isn't option E based on the further assumption on factors like Price etc? My point is that negation of E only doesn't shatter the conclusion, it weakens it but not break it.
DmitryFarber
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Keep in mind that stronger statements are a liability for assumption answers. One reason is that when negated, they become weaker. So when you make an assumption about what CAN NEVER happen, the negation just tells us what MIGHT be able to happen. Contrast the negation of E to the negation of your version:

E) Other mfrs HAVE produced a popular, clean-running engine.
Okay, this has actually happened. If so, then regardless of who the "main rival" is, perhaps these models will undercut Ythex's sales if Onez's is banned.

Alternate E) Other mfrs CAN produce a popular, clean-running engine.
Hmm. They CAN, but will they? Just because other companies have the ability to do something doesn't tell us that they will do so. This doesn't knock down the argument nearly as effectively as the negation of the original E.
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 04 May 2025, 22:44
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The negation doesn't need to fully disprove the conclusion. It just needs to make the conclusion not clearly flow from the premises. In this case, if there are multiple companies with the kind of engine people want, what reason do we have to say that this one particular model of engine will sell particularly well? Sure, we don't know much about the others, such as the price, but we know that Y's engine is expensive. With competition in the market, that could matter a great deal.
Shivam625
@DmitryFarber Isn't option E based on the further assumption on factors like Price etc? My point is that negation of E only doesn't shatter the conclusion, it weakens it but not break it.
DmitryFarber
Aditi_03

Keep in mind that stronger statements are a liability for assumption answers. One reason is that when negated, they become weaker. So when you make an assumption about what CAN NEVER happen, the negation just tells us what MIGHT be able to happen. Contrast the negation of E to the negation of your version:

E) Other mfrs HAVE produced a popular, clean-running engine.
Okay, this has actually happened. If so, then regardless of who the "main rival" is, perhaps these models will undercut Ythex's sales if Onez's is banned.

Alternate E) Other mfrs CAN produce a popular, clean-running engine.
Hmm. They CAN, but will they? Just because other companies have the ability to do something doesn't tell us that they will do so. This doesn't knock down the argument nearly as effectively as the negation of the original E.
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 04 May 2025, 23:16
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@DmitryFarber I am confused. I understand that E is the best option, but it is not the necessary assumption because the conclusion can still be true even if that statement is false. According to this link, for an assumption, the negation test always works. I have often read that if the conclusion remains true even when the statement is negated, then that original statement is definitely not an assumption of the argument.
DmitryFarber
The negation doesn't need to fully disprove the conclusion. It just needs to make the conclusion not clearly flow from the premises. In this case, if there are multiple companies with the kind of engine people want, what reason do we have to say that this one particular model of engine will sell particularly well? Sure, we don't know much about the others, such as the price, but we know that Y's engine is expensive. With competition in the market, that could matter a great deal.
Shivam625
@DmitryFarber Isn't option E based on the further assumption on factors like Price etc? My point is that negation of E only doesn't shatter the conclusion, it weakens it but not break it.
DmitryFarber
Aditi_03

Keep in mind that stronger statements are a liability for assumption answers. One reason is that when negated, they become weaker. So when you make an assumption about what CAN NEVER happen, the negation just tells us what MIGHT be able to happen. Contrast the negation of E to the negation of your version:

E) Other mfrs HAVE produced a popular, clean-running engine.
Okay, this has actually happened. If so, then regardless of who the "main rival" is, perhaps these models will undercut Ythex's sales if Onez's is banned.

Alternate E) Other mfrs CAN produce a popular, clean-running engine.
Hmm. They CAN, but will they? Just because other companies have the ability to do something doesn't tell us that they will do so. This doesn't knock down the argument nearly as effectively as the negation of the original E.
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 13 Jun 2025, 11:42
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I chose D as I feel like there's problem with E.

E. The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex's new engine.

While the logic is correct, there is a problem with the tense and timeframe. Because no other manufacturers "have not" produced the clean running engine, it doesn't mean that they will not produce in the following 2 years before the ban takes place. This assumption is not necessary at all. This is why negation test is crucial. But sometimes negation test doesn't always work so I refrain from using it
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 13 Jun 2025, 20:26
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I also thought in the same direction earlie, but If you don't assume option E, you won't be able to derive the conclusion as there would be other player who would be making such good engines.

Think of assumption a gap between premise and conclusion and then ask yourself what will I have to assume to say YYYYY given XXXXX.

bestreturn
I chose D as I feel like there's problem with E.

E. The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex's new engine.

While the logic is correct, there is a problem with the tense and timeframe. Because no other manufacturers "have not" produced the clean running engine, it doesn't mean that they will not produce in the following 2 years before the ban takes place. This assumption is not necessary at all. This is why negation test is crucial. But sometimes negation test doesn't always work so I refrain from using it
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 18 Jun 2025, 12:11
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Why D is not the right answer?

If the law is difficult to enforce, People will still continue using Onez (The current widely used engine), If Onez is continued to be used, then there is no chance that Ythex is going to sell well or more than Onez.

Answer E on the other hand makes it clear that there are no other manufactures which are going to compete when the ban is implemented making Ythex the only player to win the show

Bunuel
Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent less particulate pollution than the engine made by its main rival, Onez, now widely used in Marania; Ythex's engine is well-suited for use in the thriving warehousing businesses in Marania, although it costs more than the Onez engine. The Maranian government plans to ban within the next two years the use of diesel engines with more than 80 percent of current diesel engine particulate emissions in Marania, and Onez will probably not be able to retool its engine to reduce emissions to reach this target. So if the ban is passed, the Ythex engine ought to sell well in Marania after that time.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?

A. Marania's warehousing and transshipment business buys more diesel engines of any size than other types of engines.
B. Ythex is likely to be able to reduce the cost of its small diesel engine within the next two years.
C. The Maranian government is generally favorable to anti-pollution regulations.
D. The government's ban on high levels of pollution caused by diesel engines, if passed, will not be difficult to enforce.
E. The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex's new engine.

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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 18 Jun 2025, 22:25
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Be wary of answers that require additional assumption to fit in. How do we know that if the law is difficult to enforce, people will still use the old engine. First, it's illegal. Most of us don't buy illegal products just because the law is hard to enforce. Second, how do we know that a law that is DIFFICULT to enforce will NOT be enforced? It's difficult to do lots of things (collect taxes, wage war, etc.), but governments do them anyway. Third, why would the illegal products still be available for sale? Why would Onez still provide the products, and why would stores still stock them? If the ban is on the USE, then sure, people who already had the product might still get away with using it. But that doesn't mean people buying a new product would have the option of buying the illegal version.
findingmyself
Why D is not the right answer?

If the law is difficult to enforce, People will still continue using Onez (The current widely used engine), If Onez is continued to be used, then there is no chance that Ythex is going to sell well or more than Onez.

Answer E on the other hand makes it clear that there are no other manufactures which are going to compete when the ban is implemented making Ythex the only player to win the show

Bunuel
Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent less particulate pollution than the engine made by its main rival, Onez, now widely used in Marania; Ythex's engine is well-suited for use in the thriving warehousing businesses in Marania, although it costs more than the Onez engine. The Maranian government plans to ban within the next two years the use of diesel engines with more than 80 percent of current diesel engine particulate emissions in Marania, and Onez will probably not be able to retool its engine to reduce emissions to reach this target. So if the ban is passed, the Ythex engine ought to sell well in Marania after that time.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?

A. Marania's warehousing and transshipment business buys more diesel engines of any size than other types of engines.
B. Ythex is likely to be able to reduce the cost of its small diesel engine within the next two years.
C. The Maranian government is generally favorable to anti-pollution regulations.
D. The government's ban on high levels of pollution caused by diesel engines, if passed, will not be difficult to enforce.
E. The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex's new engine.

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anuragskashyap
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 04 Jul 2025, 04:08
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So, If we negate E, we arrive at there are some competitors who have produced effective engines, but what they are not suitable as it is cleary mentioned in the paragaraph that ythex's engines are well-suited.
Now I see lot of solution for D not marking the answer, if we negate it, it will come up like , It will be diffuicult to enforce. WCANNOT say that it is difficlut now and become easy in future, such type of information we cannot assume .
So Negation of D completely breaks up the conclusion as if it in not implemented , Onez can still be competetive available.
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Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les 12 Jul 2025, 23:00
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Why D is incorrect!

Because the conclusion is itself indicating that if the ban is passed, Ythex ought to sell well.

Now what D is telling the condition if Ban is passed, will not be difficult to enforce.
What if the Ban is passed then whatever the condition will be Ythex ought to sell well.

So, we can eliminate this choice as whatever after if ban passed is mentioned
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