Ythex has developed a small diesel engine that produces 30 percent les

Inference :
1. Ythex has small diesel engine that produces 30 percent less pollution but its cost is higher.
2. Onez, another engine producing company , now widely used in Marania but wont be able to retool it's engine.
3. Maranian government plans to ban use of diesel engines with more than 80 percent of current diesel engine particulate emissions in Marania
Conclusion : the Ythex engine ought to sell well in Marania after that time.

Negation : to break Ythex engine ought to sell well in Marania, Since it's given that Onez will not be able to retool its engine so only Ythex is remaining.
What if there is another company which also produces diesel engine better then Ythex then Ythex sales will be effected after the govt ban as well.


A. Marania's warehousing and transshipment business buys more diesel engines of any size than other types of engines.
-- This is Incorrect as this is out of context.

B. Ythex is likely to be able to reduce the cost of its small diesel engine within the next two years.
-- Reducing the cost of small diesel will help in improving sales but then there is no effect of the ban mentioned here by the govt. It wont matter if the govt bans or not it will be sold , so this cannot be the assumption as this is not inline with the main premise here.

C. The Maranian government is generally favorable to anti-pollution regulations.
-- This is incorrect as this is a premise not an assumption , govt believes in anti-pollution that is why it is planning to ban engines producing pollution.

D. The government's ban on high levels of pollution caused by diesel engines, if passed, will not be difficult to enforce.
-- This is again not an assumption and also enforcing is out of context , incorrect.

E. The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex's new engine.
-- This is correct and inline with the pre-assumptions and if we negate this it will break the conclusion

Ans E

Hello experts,
E looks like a strengthener to me,
It doesn't look like a- must be case

Reasons I eliminated E-
It says- if there are any , what if there are none?
In that case argument can hold.
It's not a must be case.

Second, even if there are other good Diesel engines available, Ythex engine could still sell well. May be when most of engines will be banned and there will be only two and both of them could sell their products very well.

Is it something related with the word- ought to?
Maybe I didn't understand the conclusion exactly? What's the exact meaning of ought to? I thought it means should.

Just like E, A looked liked a strengthener to me, ended up marking A?

"Ought to" does mean "should."

So, the conclusion is basically that it is likely that the Ythex engine will sell well in Marania after that time.

Regarding the idea that (E) doesn't have to be true in order for the conclusion to be true, what you're saying is correct, but the evidence doesn't support the conclusion very well if (E) isn't true.

The "if there are any" part doesn't make a material difference. The assumption stated by (E) is that there is not another engine that will compete with the Ythex engine. The "if there are any" part is just an acknowledgement within the assumption that they may not even be other manufacturers. There may be though.

So, since (A), (C), and (D) make no difference to the argument at all and the negation of (B) does not undermine the support the premises provide for the conclusion at all, (E) is the best answer.
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Premise:
Present accepted Emission = 100
New accepted Emission =80 (after two years)
Onez Emission = 100 (after two years onez will not be able to meet the new accepted value and will not be able to trade afterwards)
Ythex Emission= 70 (no competition, therefore, will be able to sell well)

Now what if any other contender comes out in the market and is equally good or is more good or is cheaper or is better than Ythex. Then, there are slight chances that Ythex will not be able to sell well or capture the market base.

Therefore, option E is the right choice as it denies competition from other manufacturers.

The Ythex engine ought to sell well in Marania after that time. Why will it sell well?
Because E : The other manufacturers of small diesel engines in Marania, if there are any, have not produced an engine as popular and clean-running as Ythex's new engine.

GMATNinja

When you say, "In order for (D) to work, we'd have to assume that the level of difficulty will actually prevent Marania from enforcing the law" does this mean that even if the law was only slightly effective (10% of the population abided to it), Onez engines could still sell well because 10% of the population now abides to the new ban?

What if this small percentage of the population already had a Onez engine?

Thank you!

Your analysis is conflating "difficult to enforce" with "won't actually be enforced that well." We just can't make that leap. Something can be difficult to enforce and still actually BE enforced -- for instance, maybe it's tough to enforce security measures in modern airports, but security officials go to great lengths to enforce these measures even though it's hard. We can't assume that the security officials just give up, or only partially enforce the rules, because it's difficult.

Similarly, we can't assume that the difficulty of enforcing the pollution ban will actually prevent the Maranian government from enforcing the rules. So there is no way to say that only a portion of the population will abide by the ban -- the government could still enforce the rules really well, even though it's difficult to do so.

I hope that helps!
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Hi Experts GMATNinja KarishmaB Bunuel egmat mgmat

I get the point that (E) when negated breaks the conclusion but I think there is a little issue with (E), and that's the reason I choose (D). I know I am wrong and that's why wanted your feedback on this issue.

In (E) But in the Q stem it says that the government plans to implement the within the next 2 years and currently there are no competitors. There may or may not be new companies which can come up with better cost effective designs. No company will inform beforehand if they are developing something new and can come up suddenly once the ban is implemented. Can you please elaborate more on this thought.

Thanks!
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An assumption is what is necessary for the conclusion to hold, not sufficient.
It is necessary that at least as of now, other companies have not developed such an engine. If they have, then the Ythex engine will have competition so we cannot say that it will sell well.

Another assumption would be that no one is able to develop such an engine in the next two years too.
Another assumption is that most warehousing businesses will not switch to another kind of engine.
etc.

Hope the point is clear. Let me know if you have any doubts.
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Hi KarishmaB

Thanks for your response.

As you mentioned that the assumption might not be completely sufficient always and you pointed out other possible assumptions.

.

In this case this assumption can be false and other assumption might be true - "such as no other company is able to develop a new engine".

I am a bit confused.

Thanks again!
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Our entire argument is based on "no competition for Ythex if the ban is passed in 2 years"

Because Onez (a popular brand) will not be able to retool in 2 years, we are concluding that Ythex (Onez's main competitor) will sell well. But we are assuming that no one else will have a diesel engine within specifications either in 2 years.
For this, both should be true - 'no other company has made such an engine as yet' and 'no other company will be able to make it in the next 2 years either'
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Thanks a lot. I am able to clear my confusion.

KarishmaB
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suramya26 wrote:

I think it has to be D.
If we negate D the option will be "the ban will be difficult to enforce".
If it is difficult to enforce then the sales of Onez may not be affected

Let's say even if the ban is difficult to enforce, it would still be enforced to some extent and result in increased sales for Ythex engine. Also, this option leaves the possibility that it could be enforced strictly at a later point in time, which makes this answer a weak choice.

How does one do such large passage CR questions within the time frame while negating each answer choice going from A to E? Any tips would be appreciated.

My answer was correct though. Just took much more time.