Navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, in 1911 Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, and they were equipped only with four sleds and basic provisions.
(A) Navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, in 1911 Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, and they were equipped only
(B) In 1911, Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain equipped only
(C) In 1911, Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew, navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, and they were only equipped
(D) Having navigated the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, in 1911Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole; they were only equipped
(E) Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew, in 1911 began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, equipping themselves only
Solution: The original underlined phrase is grammatically incorrect. The modifier clause in the beginning is not in agreement with the subject of the main clause. Also the intended meaning is changed by misplacing the modifier. The intended meaning of the sentence is that Roald Amundsen and his crew began their expedition to the south pole where they navigated the Antarctic terrain while travelling to the south pole.
(A) Navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, in 1911 Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, and they were equipped only
Explanation: As explained above, this is not the right option.
INCORRECT(B) In 1911, Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain equipped only
Explanation: This option correctly uses the modifier structure and conveys intended meaning with proper tense usage.
CORRECT(C) In 1911, Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew, navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, and they were only equipped
Explanation: The middle modifier clause is wrongly placed which changes the intended meaning. Also 'only equipped' changes the intended meaning as well.
INCORRECT(D) Having navigated the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, in 1911 Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole; they were only equipped
Explanation: Misplaced modifier and wrong tense used in the first clause changes the intended meaning. Also 'only equipped' is wrong.
INCORRECT(E) Roald Amundsen and his four-man crew, in 1911 began their groundbreaking expedition to the South Pole, navigating the unforgiving Antarctic terrain, equipping themselves only
Explanation: Comma is wrongly put after the first clause which changes the sentence structure. Also 'equipping themselves' is wrong as it is in continuous tense while the event occured way back in past.
INCORRECTOption B is the right answer